Genesis of soils with an abrupt textural contrast in the United States

Bockheim, James G.

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2015.10.011

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Textural layered soils are soils with textural contrasts, or duplex soils with subsoil in which the clay content is at least one and a half times that of the overlying layer (Northcote, 1971). These include abrupt textural-change soils (Hill and Parlange, 1972;Bockheim, 2016) characterized by a clear, abrupt, or sharp boundary between the surface and the underlying horizon, and soils with a considerable increase in clay content within a very short vertical distance (Hardie, et al, 2012;Bockheim and Hartemink, 2013). Commonly, soil texture in these soils ranges from sandy to medium or mediumheavy clay soils (Hardie, et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Textural Layering on Water Regimes in Sandy Soils in a Desert-Oasis Ecotone, Northwestern China

et al. 2021

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Textural layering of soil plays an important role in distributing and regulating resources for plants in many semiarid and arid landscapes. However, the spatial patterns of textural layering and the potential effects on soil hydrology and water regimes are poorly understood, especially in arid sandy soil environments like the desert-oasis ecotones in northwestern China. This work aims to determine the distribution of textural layered soils, analyze the effects of different soil-textural configurations on water regimes, and evaluate which factors affect soil water infiltration and retention characteristics in such a desert-oasis ecotone. We measured soil water content and mineral composition in 87 soil profiles distributed along three transects in the study area. Constant-head infiltration experiments were conducted at 9 of the soil profiles with different texture configurations. The results showed that textural layered soils were patchily but extensively distributed throughout the study area (with a combined surface area percentage of about 84%). Soil water content in the profiles ranged from 0.002 to 0.27 g/cm3 during the investigation period, and significantly and positively correlated with the thickness of a medium-textured (silt or silt loam) layer (p < 0.001). The occurrence of a medium-textured layer increased field capacity and wilting point and decreased available water-holding capacity in soil profiles. Burial depth of the medium-textured layer had no clear effects on water retention properties, but the layer thickness tended to. In textural layered soils, smaller water infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration, and shallower depths of wetting fronts were detected, compared with homogeneous sand profiles. The thickness and burial depth of medium-textured layers had obvious effects on infiltration, but the magnitude of the effects depended on soil texture configuration. The revealed patterns of soil textural layering and the potential effects on water regimes may provide new insight into the sustainable management of rainfed vegetation in the desert-oasis ecotones of arid northwestern China and other regions with similar environments around the world.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Textural Layering on Water Regimes in Sandy Soils in a Desert-Oasis Ecotone, Northwestern China

et al. 2021

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“…The recent revision of texture contrast soil formation in the USA by Bockheim (2016) shows that the concepts of soil formation and development processes are becoming more open-ended in regions where these more traditional views have dominated. In the light of unusual and unexpected findings, such as those of Verboom and Pate (2013), and other examples of relatively rapid soil formation related to human or natural activity, it is necessary for soil formation process and timeline concepts to be viewed as more open and flexible than conventionally believed.…”

Section: Discussion and Synthesis Of Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A revision of texture contrast soil formation processes in the USA was recently published by Bockheim (2016), who examined the USDA soil data set for texture contrast soils. Bockheim (2016) found that the processes which create texture contrast soils in the USA likely include: Paton (1978) and Paton et al (1995) that coarse materials were preferentially moved upwards by ants or termites.…”

Section: Recent International Revision Of Some Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid soil development in response to land use change: case studies from the northern New South Wales slopes, plains and New England Tablelands

Banks

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Soil development and soil formation processes are often considered to take long periods of time from hundreds to millions of years. This thesis investigates the potential for land use change to drive whole soil profile development processes in unexpected ways and at unexpected speeds in Eastern Australia. The major objectives of this thesis were to identify and document locations where rapid soil profile changes occur at a land use boundary, to investigate the nature of soil changes across that boundary and propose mechanisms for observed changes. Alternating arid and humid phases in the Quaternary, coupled with contemporary Holocene and Anthropocene sub-decadal climate variability, makes availability of soil water in Eastern Australia a critical driver to soil development processes. In contrast, many northern climates are constant or at least seasonal and moist. An initial study (Chapter 3) was undertaken using archival soil survey data from the Liverpool Plains region in the northwest slopes and plains of New South Wales (NSW). The desktop study examined key soil fertility properties in relation to land use through an historical soil survey dataset to determine whether large-scale European land use impacts on whole soil profiles could be observed. Land uses compared were cropping, native pasture, improved pasture and woodland. Soil type, land use, and soil × land use were considered in a mixed model restricted maximum likelihood (REML) analysis using general fertility attributes of available water holding capacity (AWC), soil phosphorus (Bray P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), dispersion percentage (DP), salinity (ECe), sodicity (indicated by exchangeable sodium percentage, ESP) and soil pH. Results showed that fertility attribute variation depended on soil type reflecting land selection for agriculture. Soil organic carbon (SOC) values were considered a product of fertility but were most strongly associated with land use with SOC being lowest in cropping regardless of soil type. This approach did not illuminate any maninduced whole soil profile changes. General soil survey data was found to be potentially limited by the method of land use and site history recording. The second study (Chapters 4 and 5) investigated physical and chemical soil profile changes associated with managed tropical pastures compared with volunteer native pastures on sodic-duplex soils in northwestern NSW. These soils are limited by low fertility topsoils, poor soil profile drainage and clay-rich B horizons which native vegetation roots and soil water do not readily penetrate. Results indicated that deeper, more abundant tropical pasture roots had initiated changes in soil profile porosity, structure and chemistry. Macroporosity (pores > 30µm) of critical infiltration and root v Publications included in this thesis No publications included.

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Exploratory factor analysis-based co-kriging method for spatial interpolation of multi-layered soil particle-size fractions and texture

et al. 2021

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Genesis of soils with an abrupt textural contrast in the United States

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Textural Layering on Water Regimes in Sandy Soils in a Desert-Oasis Ecotone, Northwestern China

Effects of Textural Layering on Water Regimes in Sandy Soils in a Desert-Oasis Ecotone, Northwestern China

Rapid soil development in response to land use change: case studies from the northern New South Wales slopes, plains and New England Tablelands

Exploratory factor analysis-based co-kriging method for spatial interpolation of multi-layered soil particle-size fractions and texture

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