Human activities have been reported to have fundamentally and irreversibly modified Earth's surface since the industrial revolution (Ellis et al., 2013;Lewis & Maslin, 2015). For example, soil erosion rates during agricultural land use can be 10-to 100-fold greater than that through natural processes (Montgomery, 2007), which affects long-term soil sustainability and threatens future agricultural yields (Amundson et al., 2015). Soil erosion has also received increasing attention in terms of carbon fluxes because it is a source of increased carbon emissions into the atmosphere (Friedlingstein et al., 2020). Unfortunately, the magnitude and scope of anthropogenic impacts on soil erosion has only been systematically observed for the past few centuries (Dotterweich, 2013;Ellis et al., 2013), so that the long-term human effects on continental-scale soil erosion have yet to be well evaluated and constrained (

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