Genèse de la santé publique internationale

Knowledge Transaction and State Making from Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic

“…The public health sector provides the first example to discuss the relationship between international knowledge and policy production. The Conseil supérieur de santé de Constantinople (Higher Health Council) established in collaboration with European powers in 1838 was among the first institutions of international cooperation in public health (Chiffoleau 2012). Composed of Ottoman, European and Persian delegates (Yalçınkaya 2019) the Council also employed several European medical experts (Sarıyıldız 1996).…”

“…It became a powerful actor in charge of sanitary policing of the Levant which, safeguarding European interests, imposed measures, especially regarding the commercial circuits in the Straits. Being integrated into the emerging networks of international policymaking (Bourmaud 2013;Chiffoleau 2012); it served as a model for the creation of similar organisations in Tangier, Alexandria, and Tehran through multilateral cooperation 51 .…”

“…The Ottoman state followed closely also other international health organisations such as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement receiving reports from the embassies regarding their activities, conferences and international events 54 . Overall, European powers welcomed Ottoman participation in sanitary internationalism for strategic reasons but did not treat it as an equal member instrumentalizing, in particular, the Constantinople Health Council for exercising control over the health policies in the region according to their economic interests and political visions (Chiffoleau 2012;Paillette 2012).…”

Repousser les limites de l’acculturation médicale : La médecine navale française au chevet d’un orient méditerranéen forcément insalubre (Première moitié du xixe siècle)

“…Seul l'hôpital du Caire trouve grâce à ses yeux, car il est dirigé par un médecin français des Armées qui forme aussi « les métèques susceptibles de faire le service de cet hôpital » 81 . Clot Bey y dirige en effet l'hôpital auquel une décision en 1827 de Muhammad Ali adjoint « une école de médecine » 82 . On y pratique sous la supervision de Clot Bey des autopsies de cholériques en 1831 83 .…”