Genes involved in host–parasite interactions can be revealed by their correlated expression

Reid, Adam J.; Berriman, Matthew

doi:10.1093/nar/gks1340

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Then the parasites need to escape the host defence to proliferate and transmit. Host–parasite interactions are studied from genotype host –genotype parasite level and correlated gene expression level (Tierney et al ., ; Reid and Berriman, ; Barribeau et al ., ). In our study, two clusters of genes showed co‐expression within both host and parasite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dicer regulates Nosema ceranae proliferation in honeybees

Huang

Chen

et al. 2018

Insect Molecular Biology

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Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian parasite that infects the honeybee midgut epithelium. The protein-coding gene Dicer is lost in most microsporidian genomes but is present in N. ceranae. By feeding infected honeybees with small interfering RNA targeting the N. ceranae gene coding Dicer (siRNA-Dicer), we found that N. ceranae spore loads were significantly reduced. In addition, over 10% of total parasite protein-coding genes showed significantly divergent expression profiles after siRNA-Dicer treatment. Parasite genes for cell proliferation, ABC transporters and hexokinase were downregulated at 3 days postinfection, a key point in the middle of parasite replication cycles. In addition, genes involved in metabolic pathways of honeybees and N. ceranae showed significant co-expression. Furthermore, the siRNA-Dicer treatment partly reversed the expression patterns of honeybee genes. The honeybee gene mucin-2-like showed significantly upregulation in the siRNA-Dicer group compared with the infection group continually at 4, 5 and 6 days postinfection, suggesting that the siRNA-Dicer feeding promoted the strength of the mucus barrier resulted from interrupted parasite proliferation. As the gene Dicer broadly regulates N. ceranae proliferation and honeybee metabolism, our data suggest the RNA interference pathway is an important infection strategy for N. ceranae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dicer regulates Nosema ceranae proliferation in honeybees

Huang

Chen

et al. 2018

Insect Molecular Biology

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“…Since STRING software until date only accepts A. gambiae data, orthologues from A. stephensi obtained sequences were used 7, 64 . Briefly, the program by single protein name or amino acid sequence generates the network images based on a spring model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solute carriers affect Anopheles stephensi survival and Plasmodium berghei infection in the salivary glands

Couto

Antunes

Pinheiro-Silva

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Malaria is caused by mosquito-borne Plasmodium spp. parasites that must infect and survive within mosquito salivary glands (SGs) prior to host transmission. Recent advances in transcriptomics and the complete genome sequencing of mosquito vectors have increased our knowledge of the SG genes and proteins involved in pathogen infection and transmission. Membrane solute carriers are key proteins involved in drug transport and are useful in the development of new interventions for transmission blocking. Herein, we applied transcriptomics analysis to compare SGs mRNA levels in Anopheles stephensi fed on non-infected and P. berghei-infected mice. The A. stephensi solute carriers prestinA and NDAE1 were up-regulated in response to infection. These molecules are predicted to interact with each other, and are reportedly involved in the maintenance of cell homeostasis. To further evaluate their functions in mosquito survival and parasite infection, these genes were knocked down by RNA interference. Knockdown of prestinA and NDAE1 resulted in reduction of the number of sporozoites in mosquito SGs. Moreover, NDAE1 knockdown strongly impacted mosquito survival, resulting in the death of half of the treated mosquitoes. Overall, our findings indicate the importance of prestinA and NDAE1 in interactions between mosquito SGs and Plasmodium, and suggest the need for further research.Over the last 15 years, massive prevention measures and new treatment tools have greatly decreased the global malaria burden. However, despite these advances, about 214 million new malaria cases and 438,000 associated deaths were registered in 2015 alone 1 . Malaria is caused by mosquito-borne Plasmodium parasites. In particular, adult female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles are efficient Plasmodium vectors in many diverse ecosystems 2, 3 . Anopheles stephensi is a competent vector for both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, the most virulent malaria-associated species 3 , as well as for Plasmodium species that infect rodents and, thus, this mosquito species is widely used as a laboratory model. A. stephensi is found throughout the Indian subcontinent-with its territory extending from the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, and Iraq, to Bangladesh, southern China, Myanmar, and Thailand 4 .Malaria transmission from mosquitoes to vertebrate hosts occurs through the mosquito's salivary glands (SGs), and for this reason many studies have focused on this organ to develop new malaria control measures [5][6][7][8][9] . Sporozoite invasion of mosquito SGs is receptor-mediated, and involves several parasite and SG proteins 10,11 . Characterization of the salivary components involved in parasite infection and transmission would greatly enhance our understanding of the mosquito-host-pathogen interface, and potentially reveal candidate targets for malaria prevention and control.

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“…Such investigations provide new information as to how the parasite responds to changes in its microenvironment, particularly within the host, and how the host immune system reacts to the presence of the pathogen [27]. While many studies have sought to examine the response of the host to an active infection [28][29][30][31][32][33][34], this review will focus on the schistosome parasite itself and the transcriptional changes that allow it to survive long term within the host.…”

Section: Rnai As a Tool To Investigate Schistosome Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%