Genes Encoding Toxin of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>in Children with and without Diarrhea

Merino, Victor Rafael Castillo; Nakano, Viviane; Finegold, Sydney M.; Ávila-Campos, Mário Júlio

doi:10.1155/2014/594014

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Nonetheless, contemporaneous studies have reported higher rates (up to 30%) of asymptomatic colonization among noninfant pediatric populations (111,118,119). Similarly, Merino and colleagues found that around a quarter of U.S. children aged 1 to 5 years were colonized asymptomatically by C. difficile (120). By using a molecular identification method to classify groups by the presence of the toxin A gene (tcdA), the toxin B gene (tcdB), and the binary toxin genes (cdtA/B), they found that although 3/37 asymptomatically colonized children harbored a strain with the toxigenic genes (tcdA and tcdB), none carried the binary toxin genes (cdtA/cdtB).…”

Section: Children (2 To 16 Years)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Understanding Clostridium difficile Colonization

et al. 2018

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is the main causative agent of antibiotic-associated and health care-associated infective diarrhea. Recently, there has been growing interest in alternative sources of other than patients with infection (CDI) and the hospital environment. Notably, the role of -colonized patients as a possible source of transmission has received attention. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of colonization. Findings from gut microbiota studies yield more insights into determinants that are important for acquiring or resisting colonization and progression to CDI. In discussions on the prevalence of colonization among populations and its associated risk factors, colonized patients at hospital admission merit more attention, as findings from the literature have pointed to their role in both health care-associated transmission of and a higher risk of progression to CDI once admitted. colonization among patients at admission may have clinical implications, although further research is needed to identify if interventions are beneficial for preventing transmission or overcoming progression to CDI.

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Section: Children (2 To 16 Years)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Understanding Clostridium difficile Colonization

et al. 2018

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“…Real‐time PCR was carried out on a 7500 Fast Real‐time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) using the Fast SYBR ® Green Master Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), following manufacturer’s instructions. We examined the expression of toxin A, B, and binary toxin by real‐time PCR using tcdA (Lyras et al ), tcdB (Lyras et al ), cdtA (Merino et al ), cdtB (Merino et al ), rpoA (Lyras et al ) and 16SrRNA (Buffie et al ) primers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equol inhibits growth and spore formation of Clostridioides difficile

et al. 2019

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Aims: Equol is a nonsteroidal oestrogen of the isoflavone class. We investigated the antibacterial ability of equol with respect to the growth rate, toxin production and spore-forming abilities of Clostridioides difficile BI/027/NAP1. Methods and Results: Isoflavones, or female hormones, were added to bacterial culture, which was grown at 35°C. The absorbance of the culture was measured at various time points for evaluating the growth inhibition. The toxin levels in the media and morphological changes were also assessed. To evaluate the influence of equol on the sporulation of C. difficile, cells were collected at various time points from the equol-supplemented culture and the number of spores was counted. Our results show that equol inhibits bacterial growth in a concentration-dependent manner. However, it does not inhibit the production of toxin by C. difficile. Other isoflavones and female hormones did not inhibit the C. difficile growth. At the 14th day, approximately 600 spores were present in the control medium and only six were seen in the equolcontaining medium. Conclusion: Our results suggest that equol may directly inhibit the C. difficile growth in a concentration-dependent manner and spore formation. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report on the antimicrobial ability of equol.

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“…[8,[25][26][27][28][29] The presence of A + B -strains though rare in literature was reported earlier by some authors. [8,27] Analysis of clinical spectrum of the PCR positive patients was also attempted as a part of the study. The clinical features and risk factors usually encountered in patients with toxigenic C. difficile were observed in our patients also.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Toxin a ( TCD a ) and Toxin B ( TCD B ) Genes of Clostridium Difficile Isolated From Diarrhoeal Cases and Analysis of the Clinical Spectrum

Justin¹,

Antony²

2015

jemds

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BACKGROUND: Molecular methods for detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile have been established in the developed countries though not very common in our country. AIMS: The study was intended to determine the presence of toxin A and toxin B genes of Clostridium difficile isolates by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analysis of clinical picture of the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital, South India from January 2012 to December 2014. Stool samples were collected consecutively from 563 in patients with diarrhoea from various wards. Clostridium difficile was isolated and identified by semi quantitative culture, latex agglutination and biochemical reactions. These isolates were then subjected to PCR for the detection of toxin A and toxin B genes. In addition, enzyme immunoassay was performed on stool samples for the detection of toxins A and B. The clinical spectrum of PCR positive patients was also analyzed. RESULTS: From 563 stool specimens, 113 (20.07%) Clostridium difficile isolates were grown by culture and identified by latex agglutination and biochemical reactions. Out of 113 isolates, 94 were subjected to PCR. 50 (53.19%) isolates out of 94 were found to be positive. Three toxigenic types obtained were A + B + , A -B + and A + Bwhich accounted for 6.38%, 42.55% and 4.26% respectively. A -B -isolates were 46.81%. 30 (26.55%) out of 113 stool samples (which were culture positive) was also enzyme immunoassay positive. 32 (64%) out of 50 PCR positive patients exhibited antibiotic usage (p<0.05) and 39(78%) revealed the presence of underlying illnesses/conditions (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The study highlights the usefulness of PCR for detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile and for determination of its molecular epidemiology.

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Genes Encoding Toxin ofClostridium difficilein Children with and without Diarrhea

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Understanding Clostridium difficile Colonization

Understanding Clostridium difficile Colonization

Equol inhibits growth and spore formation of Clostridioides difficile

Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Toxin a ( TCD a ) and Toxin B ( TCD B ) Genes of Clostridium Difficile Isolated From Diarrhoeal Cases and Analysis of the Clinical Spectrum

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