Gênero e Sexualidade nas Escolas Médicas Federais do Brasil: uma Análise de Projetos Pedagógicos Curriculares

Abstract

Introduction: The Brazilian National Curriculum Guidelines (NCG) for undergraduate courses in Medicine since 2014 have highlighted the need to include gender and sexuality in the medical school curricula, aiming at better care for people. Method: Thus, the objective is to identify and analyze the approach of gender and sexuality in the Curriculum Pedagogical Projects (CPP) of the medical courses of the Federal Institutions of Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study of descriptive and documentary analysis, carried out through the analysis of CPP, of the undergraduate medical courses of the Federal Universities of Brazil. Data were obtained from the website of the undergraduate medical course of each higher education institution. In addition, emails were sent to the coordinators of these courses to obtain the updated CPPs. For the quantitative analysis, an initial description of the sample was performed followed by a statistical analysis using the chi-square test to assess whether or not there was an association between the presence of gender and / or sexuality debate in CPP, with the publication of the 2014 NCG and with the Brazilian geographic region, as well as between the nature of the curricular unit (compulsory or complementary / optional) and the perspective of the approach. The documentary analysis was used for the qualitative analysis with the content analysis technique, through the thematic analysis method. Results: It was found that 48 (69.56%) of the 69 analyzed CPP discuss the topics gender and / or sexuality in one or more subjects offered by the course. There is a predominance of the sexuality topic, of compulsory curricular units (88.32% of 137 curricular units) and an approach beyond the exclusively biological perspective (63.5% of 48 CPPs and 62.04% of curricular units). No statistical significance was evidenced by the chi-square test. Regarding the documentary analysis, two categories were constructed: “gender and sexuality associated with a biological perspective”, “gender and sexuality associated with a predominantly broader perspective or social determinants in health”. It was observed that the first category predominates in curricular units associated with organs, systems or life cycles of the human being, while the second, to social and human sciences applied to health and Primary Health Care. Conclusions: We conclude there is a significant number of CPPs and, consequently, also of curricular units that have a perspective beyond the exclusively biological approach. Nevertheless, there is difficulty with comprehensive health care that may be related to a selective visibility to pathology and technical aspects of medical practice and a difficulty in effectively promoting an interdisciplinary dialogue between the biological, exact and human sciences as proposed by the NCG.

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