Generic and Specific Skills as Components of Human Capital: New Challenges for Education Theory and Practice

Abstract

H uman capital theory in recent decades has become the basis for educational policy in many developed countries. Expert discussions, however, often undervalue research findings and developments related to this theory that since the 1970s have consistently enriched understanding of how human capital contributes to personal well-being and socioeconomic development of society as a whole. Educational policy lags behind these elaborations, which leads to a decline in the impact of education upon development worldwide. In the 21st century, fundamentally new trends in socioeconomic dynamics pose unprecedented challenges for educational systems around the world, including Russia. Despite the quantitative growth of money and time spent on education, performance per unit of education costs has fallen. The human potential, created by education, is facing more and more difficulties in its capitalization: economic growth is slowing down at both at the country level and globally. This situation brings to life new attempts to claim insignificance of education for economic growth and for individual success. So far, these attempts have not been very influential in educational policy, but in many countries, such arguments already serve as a backdrop for budget decisions that are detrimental for education. Educational systems need to complement practices that contribute to the development of human capital. In this regard, several theoretical elaborations that have not yet became part of the mainstream discussion on human capital, could be helpful for understanding the role of human capital in socioeconomic progress and possible ways to improve it in the short and long term.

New technologies, potential unemployment and ‘nescience economy’ during and after the 2020 economic crisis

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Human Capital In The Innovative Economy Of The Company

“…5.2. For the formation of a model (formula) of the value of human capital, the authors reviewed suitable methods, taking into account the available information (Kuzminov, Sorokin, & Frumin, 2019). 5.3.…”

Didactic Potential of Using Mobile Technologies in the Development of Mathematical Thinking

“…Problems of training engineers in modern schools, their lack of demand for the digital economy are presented by Varshavskaya and Kotyrlo (2019). Kuzminov, Sorokin and Froumin (2019) point out benchmarks for training engineering specialists for the "new" industry, in particular, a benchmark for increasing mathematical literacy, taking into account human capital as necessary conditions for sustainable development.…”

“…The nature of the new industrial or technological (digital) revolution makes special demands on the highly qualified specialists of the future. Varshavskaya and Kotyrlo (2019), Kuzminov, Sorokin and Froumin (2019) reasonably conclude that graduates will require a high level of mathematical literacy thorough scientific and humanitarian training. When revealing the essence of the professions of the future, the authors focus on the abilities that are called "competences of the 21st century": fundamental theoretical knowledge, technology competencies (creativity, communication, self-organization, initiative, critical thinking, etc.…”