Generation of Tool Path in Fused Filament Fabrication

Krishnanand,; Soni, Shivam; Nayak, Ankit; Taufik, Mohammad

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-3033-0_14

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is due to the amount of material deposition increasing the infill structure of the samples. The MoT of the material is partly affected by its ductility property that depends on printing temperature [36,37]. The nozzle temperature is a statistically significant factor for the MoT response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimising the Mechanical Properties of Additive-Manufactured Recycled Polylactic Acid (rPLA) using Single and Multi-Response Analyses Methods.

Gebrehiwot,

Espinosa-Leal

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Taguchi’s design of experiment (DoE) and the grey relational analysis are used to optimise fused deposition modelling (FDM) parameters for the tensile strength and Modulus of toughness (MoT) responses of a recycled Polylactic acid (Reform-rPLA) polymer. The influences of the infill geometry, infill density, infill orientation, nozzle temperature and infill speed on the mechanical properties of the material are studied using the \({L}_{18}\) orthogonal array which is based the \({2}^{1}\times {4}^{3}\) factor levels with 3 experimental repetitions. The output responses are first studied individually and combined as a multi-response optimisation using the grey relational analysis method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the infill orientation parameter highly influences both the single and multi-response optimisations. In the strength optimisation, the infill orientation and infill density are statistically significant with P-values \(\alpha\) less than the 0.05 criterion. Similarly, the ANOVA for the (MoT) showed that infill orientation and infill geometry parameters are statistically significant. The infill orientation is statistically significant for the multi-response optimisation, followed by the infill density with \({\alpha }=0.08\). On the other hand, the response predictions indicated that the zigzag infill geometry, \(45\%\) infill density, \(90^\circ\) infill geometry and \(205℃\) nozzle temperature led to optimum tensile strength and MoT properties. Our confirmation tests are in good agreement with optimum response predictions. Based on rankings of the mean responses, the first three factors were used to develop linear regression models for the tensile strength and MoT of the material. The predictive models showed average errors of \(7.91\%\) for the tensile strength and \(8.6\%\) for the MoT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimising the Mechanical Properties of Additive-Manufactured Recycled Polylactic Acid (rPLA) using Single and Multi-Response Analyses Methods.

Gebrehiwot,

Espinosa-Leal

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In traditional multi-head dependant architectures, a section of instructions about a single extruder can be recognised by G-code lines where the T i command alone is used to select the i -th extruder. The reader is referred to Krishnanand et al (2021) for further information on the standard G-code file structure.…”

Section: G-code Partitioning Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient toolpath planning for collaborative material extrusion machines

Bacciaglia

Ceruti

2023

RPJ

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Purpose Timing constraints affect the manufacturing of traditional large-scale components through the material extrusion technique. Thus, researchers are exploring using many independent and collaborative heads that may work on the same part simultaneously while still producing an appealing final product. The purpose of this paper is to propose a simple and repeatable approach for toolpath planning for gantry-based n independent extrusion heads with effective collision avoidance management. Design/methodology/approach This research presents an original toolpath planner based on existing slicing software and the traditional structure of G-code files. While the computationally demanding component subdivision task is assigned to computer-aided design and slicing software to build a standard G-code, the proposed algorithm scans the conventional toolpath data file, quickly isolates the instructions of a single extruder and inserts brief pauses between the instructions if the non-priority extruder conflicts with the priority one. Findings The methodology is validated on two real-life industrial large-scale components using architectures with two and four extruders. The case studies demonstrate the method's effectiveness, reducing printing time considerably without affecting the part quality. A static priority strategy is implemented, where one extruder gets priority over the other using a cascade process. The results of this paper demonstrate that different priority strategies reflect on the printing efficiency by a factor equal to the number of extrusion heads. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to produce an original methodology to efficiently plan the extrusion heads' trajectories for a collaborative material extrusion architecture.

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“…Figure 2 shows the various categorizations of Phases involved in additive manufacturing (AM). 5 FDAM processes available in the literature. However, the prevalent materials for FDAM are thermoplastic polymers, and this study also focused on polymer extrusionbased processes.…”

Section: Fused Deposition Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Process planning for filament extruder 5 The tool path generation is performed using process planning software. The first step for tool path generation is converting a solid CAD model into STL (Standard Tessellation Language) format.…”

Section: Performance Evaluations Of Filament-based Extrudersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion strategies in fused deposition additive manufacturing: A review

Krishnanand

Singh

Mittal

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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Fused deposition or fused layer additive manufacturing is a technique in which a part is fabricated layer by layer using filament or pellets-form input material. The extruder is the central part of the fused deposition additive manufacturing (FDAM) system. The extrusion mechanism is unique to the geometry and form of the feedstock material. Extrusion of filament-form material through the nozzle needs to design of a material feeding mechanism based on various filament extrusion parameters. At the same time if the material is in the form of pellets, then the design of the feeding mechanism is very different due to the shape and size of the pellets. These two different design strategies for material extrusion namely the design of the feeding mechanism of filament and pellets form materials have been a major concern to avoid unwanted deformation of extruded materials in FDAM. These two design strategies for filament and pellet-form materials have led to the development of several material extrusion strategies. The present paper reviews various material extrusion strategies developed for FDAM of filament or pellets form input material. This article presents the review of design, development, performance evaluation, and process planning for each extrusion strategy. Based on the literature review authors have suggested a possible extrusion method that can accept both forms of materials to fulfill the need for the filament as well as pellets-based additive manufacturing.

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Generation of Tool Path in Fused Filament Fabrication

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Optimising the Mechanical Properties of Additive-Manufactured Recycled Polylactic Acid (rPLA) using Single and Multi-Response Analyses Methods.

Optimising the Mechanical Properties of Additive-Manufactured Recycled Polylactic Acid (rPLA) using Single and Multi-Response Analyses Methods.

Efficient toolpath planning for collaborative material extrusion machines

Extrusion strategies in fused deposition additive manufacturing: A review

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