Generation of Endoderm Lineages from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Zhao

et al. 2019

Aging

We have shown that the effects of transplantation of CD146+ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on myocardial regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI) exceeds the effects of transplantation of MSCs, likely resulting from reduction of aging-associated cellular reactive oxygen species in injured cardiac muscle cells (CMCs). Since the role of macrophages in the MSC-mediated recovery of heart function after MI remains unclear, this question was thus addressed in the current study. We found that transplantation of MSCs did not alter the total number of the macrophages in the injured heart, but induced their polarization towards a M2-phenotype. Moreover, administration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) into MSC-transplanted mice, which prevented M2-polarization of macrophages, abolished the effects of MSCs on recovery of heart function and on the reduction of infarcted cardiac tissue. Thus, our data suggest that MSCs may rejuvenate CMCs after ischemic injury at least partially through induction of M2-polarization of macrophages.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cells rejuvenate cardiac muscle through regulating macrophage polarization

Zhao

et al. 2019

Aging

“…Besides playing an essential role in embryonic development, MSCs are also actively involved in tissue regeneration in adulthood owing to their high competency and self-renewal properties [ 22 ]. Being an important stem cell population with adulthood accessibility renders MSCs a critical source for translational clinical applications [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of microRNA-205-5p in human mesenchymal stem cells improves their therapeutic potential in treating diabetic foot disease

et al. 2017

Diabetes is a prevalent disease endangering human health, while diabetic foot disease (DF) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in DF treatment, taking advantage of the differentiation potential of MSCs into endothelial cells and their production and secretion of trophic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Molecular modification of MSCs to improve their therapeutic effects has been recently applied in treating other diseases, but not yet in DF. Here, we found that micoRNA-205-5p (miR-205-5p) is expressed in human MSCs, and miR-205-5p inhibits protein translation of VEGF through its interaction with 3′-UTR of the VEGF mRNA. Expression of antisense of miR-205-5p (as-miR-205-5p) significantly increased both cellular and secreted VEGF by MSCs, which significantly improved the therapeutic effects of MSCs on DF-associated wound healing in diabetic NOD/SCID mice. Together, our data suggest that miR-205-5p suppression in MSCs may improve their therapeutic effects on DF, seemingly through augmentation of VEGF-mediated vascularization.

“…The therapeutic benefits of MSCs could be partially stemmed from their modulation of inflammation response, since after MSCs treatment, the features and properties of macrophages in the injured heart was significantly changed, while the macrophage phenotypic changes are more likely appearing a M2-like alteration. Compared to M1, M2 macrophages have less proinflammatory potential, but produce and release many cytokines and growth factors to improve cell survival, proliferation, and to reduce cellular apoptosis [63] . stem and progenitor cells located in the myocardium [64] identified the human adult heart as an organ bearing potential for self-renewal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cardiovascular Disease

2021

AJCRAR

In recent years, globally there is an incredible boost in stem cell research has kindled the expectations of both patients and physicians. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seem to represent a future powerful tool in regenerative medicine, owing to their availability, ease of manipulation, and therapeutic potential, therefore they are particularly important in medical research. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable self-renewing, multipotent progenitor cells with multilineage potential to differentiate into cell types, such as adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, although the relative contribution of trilineage differentiation and paracrine effectors on cardiac repair. MSCs shows to have the beneficial effects of MSC-based therapies offers most attractive options to treatment of wide range of diseases from cartilage defects to cardiac disorders. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are an important cause of death and disease worldwide. Because injured cardiac tissue cannot be repaired itself, it is urgent to develop other alternate therapies. Stem cells can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells for the treatment of CVDs. In addition to cardiac stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells represent another multipotent cell population in the heart; these cells are located in regions near pericytes and exhibit regenerative, angiogenic, antiapoptotic, and immunosuppressive properties.