Generation of carbon nanofilaments on carbon fibers at 550 °C

Luhrs, Claudia; García, Daniel; Tehrani, Mehran; Al-Haik, Marwan; Taha, Mahmoud Reda; Phillips, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.07.019

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Table 1 The CNT growth procedure was carried out in a tube furnace reactor following the GSD protocol [18,28]. The GSD process proceeded as follows: the carbon yarns were placed, separately, inside a quartz tube furnace.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hybrid carbon nanotube–carbon fiber composites with improved in-plane mechanical properties

Boroujeni

Tehrani

Nelson

et al. 2014

Composites Part B: Engineering

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the synthesis environments could facilitate the growth of different carbon species rather than CNTs [16]. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) has been employed to grow carbon nanofilaments and CNTs on carbon fibers utilizing nickel, iron, cobalt, or palladium as catalysts [2,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid carbon nanotube–carbon fiber composites with improved in-plane mechanical properties

Boroujeni

Tehrani

Nelson

et al. 2014

Composites Part B: Engineering

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“…A similar observation of such a bimodal size distribution and the formation of entangled mats was reported by Luhrs et al for the growth of carbon fi laments on carbon microfi bers when more catalyst metal salt was applied than the 'saturation loading'. [ 27 ] The authors, however, related the bimodal diameter distribution to the saturation of active sites on the surface of the microfi bers with small catalyst particles and subsequent formation of larger, 'free' metal agglomerates. These catalyst particles, according to their size, then entailed the differently thick carbon fi laments.…”

Section: Development Of a Growth Modelmentioning

confidence: 97%

Free‐Standing Carbon Nanofibrous Films Prepared by a Fast Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis Process

Schwenke

Stumpf

Hoeppener

et al. 2013

Adv Funct Materials

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Carbon nanofibrous (CNF) films are of great interest for various applications, e.g., as substrates for electrodes, sensors, or catalysts. Here, a fast microwave‐assisted synthesis is reported to fabricate square‐centimeter large free‐standing carbon nanofibrous films of approximately 10 μm thickness utilizing nickel‐based catalysts and ethanol as carbon source. The obtained CNF coatings exhibit a good stability and partial self‐delamination from the substrate is observed, which enables their easy detachment from the substrate without the need for further treatment. Scanning electron microscopy is applied to investigate the morphology of the films and to develop a growth model.

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“…The CVD model assumes that carbon structures, including filaments, will grow on proper metal catalysts, particles, foils, etc., above the experimentally-determined breakdown temperature, generally between 500 and 1200˝C, of the organic precursor molecule, and that the process will continue until the hydrocarbon is fully depleted. Thus, in the first phase of this work, Pd catalyst particles, demonstrated to be excellent fiber foam catalysts earlier [35,43],were spread evenly over the floor of the mold and the gas mixture introduced at one end of the mold and exited at the other. Clearly, in this arrangement, all of the catalyst particles will encounter unburned hydrocarbons as there is not sufficient oxygen in a fuel rich mixture to burn all the hydrocarbon.…”

Section: Growth Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling up the Fabrication of Mechanically-Robust Carbon Nanofiber Foams

Arias‐Monje

Dominguez

Phillips

et al. 2016

Fibers

Self Cite

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Abstract:This work aimed to identify and address the main challenges associated with fabricating large samples of carbon foams composed of interwoven networks of carbon nanofibers. Solutions to two difficulties related with the process of fabricating carbon foams, maximum foam size and catalyst cost, were developed. First, a simple physical method was invented to scale-up the constrained formation of fibrous nanostructures process (CoFFiN) to fabricate relatively large foams. Specifically, a gas deflector system capable of maintaining conditions supportive of carbon nanofiber foam growth throughout a relatively large mold was developed. ANSYS CFX models were used to simulate the gas flow paths with and without deflectors; the data generated proved to be a very useful tool for the deflector design. Second, a simple method for selectively leaching the Pd catalyst material trapped in the foam during growth was successfully tested. Multiple techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, surface area measurements, and mechanical testing, were employed to characterize the foams generated in this study. All results confirmed that the larger foam samples preserve the basic characteristics: their interwoven nanofiber microstructure forms a low-density tridimensional solid with viscoelastic behavior. Fiber growth mechanisms are also discussed. Larger samples of mechanically-robust carbon nanofiber foams will enable the use of these materials as strain sensors, shock absorbers, selective absorbents for environmental remediation and electrodes for energy storage devices, among other applications.

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Generation of carbon nanofilaments on carbon fibers at 550 °C

Cited by 36 publications

References 45 publications

Hybrid carbon nanotube–carbon fiber composites with improved in-plane mechanical properties

Hybrid carbon nanotube–carbon fiber composites with improved in-plane mechanical properties

Free‐Standing Carbon Nanofibrous Films Prepared by a Fast Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis Process

Scaling up the Fabrication of Mechanically-Robust Carbon Nanofiber Foams

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