Generation of Cadmium Atoms at Room Temperature Using Vesicles and Its Application to Cadmium Determination by Cold Vapor Atomic Spectrometry

Sanz‐Medel, Alfredo; Temprano, M. C. Valdés-Hevia y; Garcia, N.; Campa, M.R. Fernández de la

doi:10.1021/ac00109a048

Cited by 118 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Without the flame, the transient peaks were approximately three times larger than those obtained with the flame on. This observation is in agreement with the results obtained by Sanz-Medel and co-workers [11,12]. Therefore, all subsequent experiments were performed with the atom cell at room temperature.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Determination of cadmium by flow injection-chemical vapor generation-atomic absorption spectrometry

Vargas-Razo¹,

Tyson²

2000

Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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A method was developed for the generation of a "cold vapor" of cadmium by means of flow injectionchemical vapor generation from aqueous samples, the determination being conducted with an atomic absorption spectrometer (Pyrex glass T-cell). Several gas-liquid separator designs, atomizer designs, and the effect of several reagents previously reported as sensitivity enhancers (including cobalt, nickel, thiourea and didodecyl-dimethylammonium bromide) were investigated. The limit of detection, calculated as the concentration giving a signal equal to three times the standard deviation of the blank, was 16 ng L -1 , and the relative standard deviation was 1.4% for a concentration of 2 µg L -1 and 3.8% for 0.1 µg L -1 . The addition of nickel and thiourea to the samples provided improved tolerance to the interference of coexisting ions. Two NIST certified reference materials, Montana Soil and Apple Leaves (respectively containing 41.7 ± 0.25 mg kg -1 Cd and 0.013 ± 0.002 mg kg -1 Cd) were accurately analyzed. The interference of lead was overcome by coprecipitation with barium sulfate, and the experimental values obtained were 41 ± 1 mg kg -1 Cd and 0.013 ± 0.002 mg kg -1 Cd, respectively.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…They subsequently discovered that the derivative spontaneously decomposed to atoms which had sufficiently long lifetimes to be measured by AAS at room temperature [11,12]. This rather unexpected finding was rapidly confirmed by Guo and Guo [13], Liu and Xu [14], and Kradtap [15].…”

Section: Cesar Vargas-razo · Julian F Tysonmentioning

confidence: 89%

Determination of cadmium by flow injection-chemical vapor generation-atomic absorption spectrometry

Vargas-Razo¹,

Tyson²

2000

Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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“…The complex agents of ascorbic acid, thiourea and DDTC presumably work in the same way. The mechanism for generating the Cd volatile compound is described by the following reaction: 9 …”

Section: Effects Of Ascorbic Acid Thiourea and Cobalt Ion On Vapor Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the derivatization of cadmium with NaB(C2H5)4, D'Ulivo et al 8 analyzed inorganic cadmium aqueous standards using AFS. Sanz-Medel et al [9][10][11] showed that some types of volatile cadmium species, thought to be CdH2, 9 could be produced by the reduction of Cd 2+ with tetrahydroborate in the presence of a surfactant (DDAB). Guo et al 12 greatly improved the generation of volatile species of Cd with thiourea and Co 2+ , and determined Cd by CV-AFS 12 and CV-AAS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Trace Cadmium and Mercury in Chinese Herbal Medicine by Non-dispersive Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Intermittent Flow Vapor Generator

2003

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A method was proposed for the simultaneous determination of trace cadmium and mercury by vapor generation nondispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry using an intermittent flow system. The effects of the parameters on the performance were studied systematically. The parameters such as acid concentration of the reaction medium, flow rate of the carrier gas and shield gas, the observation height and the atomizer temperature, etc. which affected the sensitivity, were optimized. Ascorbic acid, cobalt ion and thiourea were used as enhancement reagents or masking agents to enhance the generation efficiency of the volatile species of Cd and Hg. The mechanisms of their effects on vapor generation were investigated. In the presence of thiourea and ascorbic acid, the influences of some coexisting elements on the determination of cadmium and mercury were investigated. The detection limits (3σ) were 0.010 µg l -1 for Cd and 0.019 µg l -1 for Hg, respectively. The relative standard deviations for Cd and Hg at 1.00 µg l -1 were 2.6% and 0.97% (n = 11), respectively. The proposed method has been satisfactorily applied to the determination of trace cadmium and mercury in Chinese herbal medicine.

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“…2 However, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) is many times the technique of choice for high-sensitivity analysis. Nonetheless, problems exist in the determination of Cd by ETAAS derived from losses by vaporization at temperatures prior to atomization and from spectral and chemical interferences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel as a Chemical Modifier for Sensitivity Enhancement and Fast Atomization Processes in Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Cadmium in Biological and Environmental Samples

et al. 2003

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A systematic study of the efficiency of protons, Ni, Pd and Th as chemical modifiers for the determination of cadmium by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) using fast temperature programs was made for platform atomization. A comparison was made in terms of the salt type, absorbance-time profiles and elimination of the sodium chloride interference. The results were adapted to develop a method for the ETAAS determination of cadmium in biological and environmental samples. The highest sensitivity to determine cadmium in biological and environmental samples was obtained using nickel (together with protons) as a chemical modifier. The accuracy of the method was tested by the determination of cadmium in different certified reference materials. The best detection limit and the characteristic mass of Cd were found to be 0.03 ng mL -1 and 0.35 pg, respectively.

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Generation of Cadmium Atoms at Room Temperature Using Vesicles and Its Application to Cadmium Determination by Cold Vapor Atomic Spectrometry

Cited by 118 publications

References 19 publications

Determination of cadmium by flow injection-chemical vapor generation-atomic absorption spectrometry

Determination of cadmium by flow injection-chemical vapor generation-atomic absorption spectrometry

Simultaneous Determination of Trace Cadmium and Mercury in Chinese Herbal Medicine by Non-dispersive Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Intermittent Flow Vapor Generator

Nickel as a Chemical Modifier for Sensitivity Enhancement and Fast Atomization Processes in Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Cadmium in Biological and Environmental Samples

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