Generation, modeling, and analysis of CCII‐based gyrators using the generalized symbolic framework for linear active circuits

Abstract

SUMMARYIn this paper, CCII-based gyrators are synthesized, modeled, and analyzed using the generalized symbolic framework for linear active circuits. The systematic synthesis method using admittance matrix expansion, included in the framework, is applied to generate optimized nullor-mirror descriptions for the gyrator. The resulting CCII-based circuit representations for the gyrators, obtained from mapping nullor-mirror pairs in the ideal realizations with equivalent second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs), can be classified into two topologies according to the type of the CCII terminals handling the gyrator input and output signals. In topology I, the gyrator input and output terminals are CCIIs Y -Z -terminals, whereas in topology II, the gyrator input and output terminals are CCIIs X -terminals. The parasitic components within the synthesized circuits, associated with the actual CCIIs, are modeled and included in their expanded admittance matrices. Exact non-ideal analysis for two circuits belonging to the two topologies, involving the reduction of their expanded admittance matrices to port admittance matrices, is then carried out to investigate the practical functional performance for these circuits at their ports. The non-ideal performance analysis based on the CCII actual parasitic elements indicates that, from a practical perspective, the CCII-based gyrator circuits belonging to topology I are more efficient and suitable for the gyrator applications than those belonging to topology II in terms of bandwidth and operation at high frequencies. SPICE simulations are included to demonstrate the analytical results for the comparison between the practical performances of the two circuit topologies.

Symbolic analysis of analog circuits containing voltage mirrors and current mirrors

“…From this example, we can conclude on the usefulness of the proposed nullor-equivalents to perform symbolic NA which can be very suitable to enhance the synthesis procedures already introduced in [4,18,19,34,36].…”

“…1 [2]. These representations are useful in circuit modeling [2,20,30,42], circuit transformation [28,29,41], and circuit synthesis [18,19]. However, these representations do not allow to include parasitics and they can not be used within the symbolic NA method, because their inverting characteristics do not allow to perform operations as it is done for networks containing nullators and norators [7,22,37,39].…”

Generation of current mode filters using NAM expansion

“…Next consider the NAM Equation (10) and adding a fifth row and column and using infinity parameters representing the additional CCII-thus (25) The above equation is represented by pathological elements as demonstrated before. The current mode filter in this case employs a first stage acting as a current follower and the band-pass and low-pass polarities are both non-inverting as in the circuit of Figure 3(c).…”

Generation and classification of CCII and ICCII based negative impedance converter circuits using NAM expansion

“…This results in a generalized framework encompassing all pathological elements for the ideal description of active elements [13][14][15][16]. Accordingly, more alternative realizations are possible and a wide range of active devices can be used in the generation method.…”