Generation and diagnostic application of monoclonal antibodies against Seneca Valley virus

Abstract

Abstract. Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, was implicated in a suspicious vesicular disease discovered in pigs from Canada in 2007. Because any outbreak of vesicular disease in pigs is assumed to be foot-andmouth disease (FMD) until confirmed otherwise, a test for diagnosing the presence of SVV would be a very useful tool. To develop the diagnostic tests for SVV infection, 5 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced from mice immunized with binary ethylenimine (BEI)-inactivated SVV. Using a dot blot assay, the reactivity of the mAbs was confirmed to be specific for SVV, not reacting with any of the other vesicular disease viruses tested. The mAbs demonstrated reactivity with SVV antigen in infected cells by an immunohistochemistry assay. An SVV-specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was developed using BEI-inactivated SVV antigen and a mAb for serodiagnosis. The cELISA results were compared to the indirect isotype (immunoglobulin [Ig]M and IgG) ELISA and the virus neutralization test. All SVV experimentally inoculated pigs exhibited a positive SVV-specific antibody response at 6 days postinoculation, and the sera remained positive until the end of the experiment on day 57 (>40% inhibition) using the cELISA. The cELISA reflected the profile of the indirect ELISA for both IgM and IgG. This panel of SVV-specific mAbs is valuable for the identification of SVV antigen and the serological detection of SVV-specific antibodies.

Clinical Manifestations of Senecavirus A Infection in Neonatal Pigs, Brazil, 2015

“…Tissues were fixed by immersion in 10% buffered formalin solution and processed for histopathologic evaluation. Selected tissue fragments were used in an immunohistochemical (IHC) assay designed with monoclonal antibodies to detect SVA ( 5 ). Duplicate sections of the organs and scrapings from oral vesicles and cutaneous lesions were collected for molecular diagnostics.…”

Genome wide analysis of the evolution of Senecavirus A from swine clinical material and assembly yard environmental samples

“…SVA was detected in pooled samples from these pigs [6]. Unlike in previous studies with SVV-001 which failed to induce disease in pigs [7], experimental studies with the 2015 SVA isolates have established a causal relationship between SVA and vesicular disease in pigs [8][9]. This apparently suggests an evolution of the virus into a more virulent phenotype.…”

Novel Senecavirus A in Swine with Vesicular Disease, United States, July 2015

“…The virus has also been retrospectively detected in previous cases with various clinical conditions in the United States during 1988–2001 ( 7 ). However, the clinical significance of SVA in swine could not be determined ( 7 , 8 ). …”

“…Our attempts to isolate the virus by using ST cells (ATCC CRL-1746; ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and NCI-H1299 (ATCC CRL-5803) ( 8 ) yielded cytopathic SVA isolates with titers up to 1 × 10 9 PFU/mL from multiple vesicular lesion swabs or scrapings. We designated a representative isolate from each Iowa case as SVA15-39812IA, SVA15-40380IA, and SVA15-40381IA and the South Dakota case as SVA15-41901SD.…”