Generation and behavior of fine particles in thermal plasmas?A review

Young, Robert M.; Pfender, E.

doi:10.1007/bf00567907

Cited by 99 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The high temperature (of the order of 10000 K) of the plasma state is utilized for the interaction of plasma with solids and gases, and this high temperature interaction is the basis for plasma-enabled material processing called as plasma synthesis (Young and Pfender, 1985). The plasma synthesis can also be carried out in an inert atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Plasma Synthesis of Iron Oxide Aerosols and Their Characteristics

Subramanian

Baskaran

Krishnan

2009

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Thermal Plasma synthesis of Hematite Fe 2 O 3 particles has been carried out for the generation of sub-micrometer range of particles. The plasma torch acts as a source of thermal energy and the plasma forming gas provides an inert atmosphere. The plasma column is stabilized by gas flow stabilization method in which a flowing external cold layer of a gas surrounds the arc column and the sheath gas enters into the reaction region. The sub-micrometer particles are generated by varying sheath gas with air and nitrogen, so that, the oxygen availability is varied during the formation of sub-micrometer particles. The plasma synthesized particles are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Moessbauer spectroscopy and spectrochemical analysis. The particle size distribution of the suspended aerosols and the aerosol deposits are determined. The aerosol size spectrum showed the presence of particles ranging from nano-meter to micrometer. Quantification of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ present in the aerosol deposits showed that the generation of Fe 2+ has been enhanced by 2% when the sheath gas is changed from air to nitrogen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Plasma Synthesis of Iron Oxide Aerosols and Their Characteristics

Subramanian

Baskaran

Krishnan

2009

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Synthesis of particulate matter is not a topic of this paper. Several review papers in the mid-1980s present fundamental background aspects of plasmas generated by other energy sources than microwaves [28,29] and on chemical reactions and nucleation in thermal plasmas [30,31]. Moisan and Wertheimer [32] reviewed, in 1993, the excitation frequency effects in plasma processes.…”

Section: Microwave Plasma Synthesis Of Particulate Matter In the Histmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Plasma Synthesis of Materials—From Physics and Chemistry to Nanoparticles: A Materials Scientist’s Viewpoint

Szabó

Schlabach

2014

Inorganics

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Abstract:In this review, microwave plasma gas-phase synthesis of inorganic materials and material groups is discussed from the application-oriented perspective of a materials scientist: why and how microwave plasmas are applied for the synthesis of materials? First, key players in this research field will be identified, and a brief overview on publication history on this topic is given. The fundamental basics, necessary to understand the processes ongoing in particle synthesis-one of the main applications of microwave plasma processes-and the influence of the relevant experimental parameters on the resulting particles and their properties will be addressed. The benefit of using microwave plasma instead of conventional gas phase processes with respect to chemical reactivity and crystallite nucleation will be reviewed. The criteria, how to choose an appropriate precursor to synthesize a specific material with an intended application is discussed. A tabular overview on all type of materials synthesized in microwave plasmas and other plasma methods will be given, including relevant citations. Finally, property examples of three groups of nanomaterials synthesized with microwave plasma methods, bare Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles, different core/shell ceramic/organic shell nanoparticles, and Sn-based nanocomposites, will be described exemplarily, comprising perspectives of applications.

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“…We synthesized a Si-SiC composite by thermal plasma carbonization of Si micron powders in an aerosol reactor. Thermal plasmas have been widely used to produce nano-sized powders of refractory compounds, 23 because of their uniquely high temperatures and rapid cooling rate. Besides producing singlephase nano-sized particles, which is usually based on vaporphase reactions, thermal plasmas can potentially be used to synthesize core-shell-structured composites in a controlled manner.…”

Section: 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Core-Shell Si-SiC Composite Particles by Thermal Plasma In-Flight Carburization of Silicon Powder

Li¹,

Ishigaki

2007

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Unique core-shell-structured micron spheres of Si-SiC consisting of a layer of silicon carbide nanocrystallites and a silicon single-crystal core were synthesized by thermal plasma in-flight carburization of silicon micron powders in Ar-H 2 -CH 4 plasma. Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDX revealed the formation of silicon carbide particles on the surface of Si particles, and transmission electronic microscopy TEM showed a uniform distribution of SiC nano-sized grains Ĭ80 nm at a depth of 500 nm beneath the surface of the composite spheres. Micron voids and nano pores were observed at the SiC-Si interface and in the Si matrix. The formation of long and thick SiC nanotubes was observed in the Si matrix near the SiC-Si interface. The mechanism of carburization reactions and the growth of silicon carbide layers and SiC nanotubes are discussed.

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Generation and behavior of fine particles in thermal plasmas?A review

Cited by 99 publications

References 95 publications

Thermal Plasma Synthesis of Iron Oxide Aerosols and Their Characteristics

Thermal Plasma Synthesis of Iron Oxide Aerosols and Their Characteristics

Microwave Plasma Synthesis of Materials—From Physics and Chemistry to Nanoparticles: A Materials Scientist’s Viewpoint

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Core-Shell Si-SiC Composite Particles by Thermal Plasma In-Flight Carburization of Silicon Powder

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