Generation and attenuation of transient impulsive forces beneath the foot: a review

Whittle, Michael W.

doi:10.1016/s0966-6362(99)00041-7

Cited by 232 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…On the other hand, impact load after the foot contact, which will cause stress to the articular cartilage and osteoarthritis (Whittle, 1999), may be larger in downhill running than level and uphill running because the runners on the downhill condition fall down from higher position to contact with the ground. Therefore, to prevent injuries caused by downhill running and to use the downhill effectively for training, we have to understand biomechanical characteristics of downhill running thoroughly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Characteristics of Distance Running on Downhill Slope

Yokozawa

Fujii

2005

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate kinetic characteristics such as ground reaction forces (GRFs) and joint torques of the lower limb joints in downhill running for distance runners on overground. Six male distance runners were asked to run at three running speeds (3.3, 4.2, and 5.0 m/s) on the slopes of different grades (0, -3.2, -6.4, and -9.1 %) in which two force platforms were mounted. A two dimensional link model was used to calculate joint torques and joint powers of the lower limb joints. In spite that the downward velocity of the CG at the foot contact increased consistently as the grade increased, the impact peak of vertical GRF and the peak loading rate defi ned as maximum rate of change of the vertical GRF did not increase consistently as the grade increased. The runners on steep downhill conditions would be able to avoid excessive impact load by contacting with the ground in more extended hip position and increasing knee fl exion velocity after the foot contact. The negative power of the knee after the foot contact was larger for -9.1 % downhill than the level condition, which revealed the eccentric load on the knee extensors increased in the steep downhill condition. The hip extensors exerted negative power with hip fl exion just after the foot contact in -6.4 and -9.1 % downhill conditions so that the runners could absorb the impact force and mechanical energy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Characteristics of Distance Running on Downhill Slope

Yokozawa

Fujii

2005

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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“…This observation may have potential clinical significance given the proposed relationship between impact loading magnitude and the aetiology of chronic running injuries. It appears, based on these observations, that running in heelless shoes has the potential to reduce the impact force parameters linked to the development of chronic injuries (Whittle 1999).…”

Section: Footwear Sciencementioning

confidence: 94%

“…Conventional p-value band syndrome (Taunton et al 1982, Whittle 1999, Duffey et al 2000, Willems et al 2006, Lee et al 2010. The increase in Achilles tendon load experienced in…”

Section: Healusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the kinetics and kinematics during running in the heelless shoe

et al. 2014

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Background: Recent evidence suggests that runners who habitually rearfoot strike suffer higher rates of chronic injuries compared to those who adopt a mid/forefoot strike pattern. Based on this information new experimental heelless footwear was developed with the aim of mediating a mid/forefoot strike pattern. Objectives: T he aim of the current investigation was to examine the three-dimensional (3D) kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRFs) of running in conventional footwear in comparison to the heelless sho es. Methods: T welve male participants ran at 4.0 m.s À 1AE 5% in each footwear condition. Angular joint kinematics from the hip, knee and ankle in the sagittal, coronal and transverse planes were measured using an eight -camera optoelectric motion capture system. Synchronous ground reaction forces were also obtained allowing impact load parameters and estimates of Achilles tendon force to be quantified. Differences in GRFs and 3D kinematics between footwear were assessed using paired t-tests. Results: T he kinematic analysis indicated that, in comparison to the conventional running footwear, the heelless shoes were associated with significantly greater plantarflexion at foot strike and peak ankle eversion angle. Furthermore, the GRF analysis revealed that, compared to the conventional footwear, impact parameters were significantly lower in the heelless footwear. Conclusions: Given the reduction in impact loading rates and increases in ankle eversion that were observed in heelless footwear, running in this type of footwear may reduce the incidence of chronic injuries linked to excessive impact forces. However, it may increase the injury potential that is associated with excessive ankle eversion.

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“…Thais Pereira Guisande (Fisioterapeuta) 1 Julio Cerca Amadio (Educador Físico) 2 Alberto Carlos Amadio (Educador Físico) 2 Luis Mochizuki (Educador Físico) 3 …”

Section: Transient Forces During Military Marching Las Fuerzas Con Efunclassified

“…Uma força transiente típica foi descrita. Esta força é uma transiente de alta frequência e um evento de curta duração (10 a 20 ms), que ocorre nos primeiros 10% da fase de suporte, durante o impacto do calcanhar 3 . Inicialmente, foi considerada um artefato experimental, mas depois ela foi encontrada em indivíduos com osteoartrite, dor nas costas ou prótese do joelho quando andavam [4][5][6][7][8] .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

As forças transientes durante a marcha militar

Guisande

Serrão

Amadio

et al. 2013

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESuMoIntrodução: O padrão vertical anormal da força de reação do solo (FRS) apresenta a assimetria ou mais de dois picos como marcha patológica típica. Uma força típica e assimétrica é a força transiente. Será que a marcha militar é uma espécie de marcha patológica? Objetivo: Descrever e analisar a força de reação do solo vertical durante a fase de apoio da marcha militar. Método: Os participantes foram 20 soldados do Exército Brasileiro que tiveram anteriormente uma lesão nos membros inferiores relacionada com a marcha militar. Duas plataformas de força foram usadas para medir as componentes da FRS (mediolateral, anteroposterior e vertical) durante a marcha. Para cada lado e condição (andar e marcha), cinco amostras para cada pé foram registradas. A análise de variância foi utilizada para comparar os parâmetros da FRS durante o andar e marcha. Resultado: O primeiro pico de força foi o mais alto durante a condição de marcha. O pico de força transiente durante a marcha foi maior que o primeiro pico durante o andar. A força mínima foi a maior durante a marcha. Conclusão: A análise das forças de reação do solo marcha militar mostra uma força vertical transiente que não está normalmente presente no padrão de marcha normal.Palavras-chave: marcha, biomecânica, análise de variância. (mediolateral, anterior posterior; and vertical components) ABStRAct Introduction: The abnormal vertical ground reaction force (GRF) pattern presents the asymmetry or the presence of more than two peaks as typical pathological gait. The typical asymmetric force is the transient force. Is the military marching a kind of pathological gait? Objective: To describe and analyze the vertical ground reaction forces during the stance phase of the military marching. Method: Participants were 20 Brazilian Army soldiers who previously had an injury in the lower limbs related to the military marching. Two strain-gauge force platforms measured the GRF components

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Generation and attenuation of transient impulsive forces beneath the foot: a review

Cited by 232 publications

References 75 publications

Kinetic Characteristics of Distance Running on Downhill Slope

Kinetic Characteristics of Distance Running on Downhill Slope

Investigation into the kinetics and kinematics during running in the heelless shoe

As forças transientes durante a marcha militar

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