Generating sustainable towns from Chinese villages: A system modeling approach

Levine, Richard S.; Hughes, Michael T.; Mather, Casey Ryan; Yanarella, Ernest J.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.10.026

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…However, some of these approaches require extensive technical support, based on monitoring tools or involve a large amount of labor and working in muddy fields. Since farm sizes in China usually being very small, and a growing number of young farmers migrating from rural to urban areas for jobs (Levine et al, 2008 ), the dissemination of such technologies has been limited. A simpler and more convenient N fertilizer management is hence required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Controlled-Release Urea Enhances Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Irrigated Rice in the Yangtze River Basin, China

et al. 2018

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The use of controlled-release urea (CRU) has been recommended over that of conventional urea to improve rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency. However, the underlying agronomical and physiological mechanisms need to be better understood. In this study, field trials over four site-years, and a big container experiment were carried out to explore CRU effects on rice yield and NUE, with the main aims to identify the key yield components contributing to the superior rice yield with CRU use, and to evaluate differences in dry matter, nitrogen (N) accumulation, translocation and yield formation with different N fertilizer practices. Four N treatments were investigated: control with 0 kg N ha−1 (CK), farmers' fertilizer practice (FFP) with 150 kg N ha−1 as urea basal application, modified fertilizer practice (MFP) with 150 kg N ha−1 as split urea application (40% at transplanting, 30% at tillering and 30% at the panicle stages), and CRU treatment with 150 kg N ha−1 as CRU basal application. Results showed that the CRU increased rice yields by 10.8 and 5.6% over FFP and MFP, respectively. The N recovery efficiency and N agronomic efficiency for CRU were significantly higher than that obtained from MFP and FFP treatments. The analysis of yield components revealed that the higher grain yields using CRU were accounted for mainly by increased panicle and spikelet numbers per m2, which resulted from higher N uptake. In addition, results from the container experiment with comparable experimental design to field trials illustrated that both post-anthesis dry matter production and translocation were critical for high grain yields using CRU, while the former seemed more important. Relative to MFP and FFP, CRU maintained higher flag leaf SPAD and photosynthetic rate, as well as higher root oxidation activity (ROA) and N uptake during grain filling. Furthermore, CRU increased the activities of key enzymes involved in N assimilation in flag leaves, including GS, GOGAT, and NR. CRU effects on such underground and aboveground processes were proposed to contribute to high rice yield.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Controlled-Release Urea Enhances Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Irrigated Rice in the Yangtze River Basin, China

et al. 2018

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“…The pathway a community develops will largely determine the success or failure in overcoming environmental challenges and achieving sustainable development. Developed regions provide enormous, untapped opportunities to deal with environmental challenges; while developing or poor regions can focus on particular aspects that contribute to sustainable development (Dalkmann et al 2008, Levine et al 2008.…”

Section: Methods and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case study on Ningjin County, China, sensitivity analysis shows that economically viable farming practices should not be promoted at the cost of the environment (Zhen et al 2005). In studies on villages in China, the SUCCESS (Sustainable Users Concept of China Engaging Scientific Scenario) team applied an approach based on a variety of scenarios through which a village is incrementally enlarged and made more diverse and complex until it emerges as a modern, sustainable town or city (Levine et al 2008) and develops a pathway to sustainable mobility in rural China (Dalkmann et al 2008).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

What factors determine whether a community will choose the pathway to sustainable development in China?

Wei

Zhao

2010

Local Environment

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“…No obstante, el concepto tiene críticas por la predominancia de la "metáfora organicista" y su uso para el entendimiento de sistemas cambiantes que no sólo se determinan fisicoquímicamente (Gandy 2004, 364), y en cuanto a su utilidad en la definición de políticas públicas (Marcuse 2005). Sin embargo, esto último es debatible, puesto que el metabolismo sí ha permeado las instancias de doc trina, dirección, orientación y opinión conducentes a lograr y asegurar la sus tentabilidad de las ciudades (Levine, et al 2008;K'Akumu y Oyugi 2007;Zhang, Yang y Yu 2009a). Más aún, su modelado es concebido como "elemento clave y oportunidad única de los hacedores de política para desarrollar planes que influencien positivamente el consumo y conservación de los recursos" (Camps, Dresse; McKee Inc -CDM Inc 2009).…”

Section: El Metabolismo: La Base Conceptualunclassified

Metabolismo urbano: herramienta para la sustentabilidad de las ciudades

Álvarez¹,

Julián²

2014

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Metabolismo urbano: herramienta para la sustentabilidad de las ciudadesResumen | La dinámica poblacional y formas de vida urbana de las medianas y grandes ciudades de Latinoamérica están determinando operaciones críticas que frenan el crecimiento económico, socavan el desarrollo, deterioran el ambiente, afectan la salud de sus residentes y reducen la oferta de bienes y servicios am bientales de los ecosistemas de soporte. Son escenarios de presión con los que se corre el riesgo de exceder los límites permisibles de su homeostasis y adaptabili dad; y por consiguiente, de exacerbar su vulnerabilidad en momentos en que la variabilidad y el cambio climático disminuyen las probabilidades de superviven cia de los sistemas humanos. Por tal motivo, y en aras de coadyuvar con la sus tentabilidad y competitividad de la ciudad, el estudio del Metabolismo Urbano se constituye en un esfuerzo técnico, político y económico que facilita el entendi miento de sus redes de abastecimiento de materiales y energía, que busca la efi ciencia y eficacia de sus procesos de transformación, así como la minimización del daño ambiental de sus desechos, permitiendo a los gestores de política anti ciparse a eventos no deseados con base en las señales del presente. Urban metabolism: a tool for the sustainability of citiesAbstract | The population dynamics and urban patterns gleaned from medium and big cities in Latin America are determining critical operations that brake economic growth, undermine development, damage the environment, affect hu man health and reduce goods and services supply from environmental ecosys tems. They are pressure scenarios that involve the risk of exceeding permissible homeostatic limits and adaptability; and therefore, exacerbate their vulnerabil ity when climate change decreases the survival probability of human systems. For this reason, in order to achieve the sustainability and competitiveness of cities, the study of Urban Metabolism becomes a technical, political and eco nomic endeavor that facilitates our understanding of their materials and energy supply networks, seeking the efficiency and effectiveness of transformation processes, as well as reducing the environmental impact of their waste, en abling policy makers to anticipate unwanted events based on present signals. 52 Vol. 2 | núm. 2 | enero-abril 2014 D O S S I E R INTERdisciplina Palabras clave | metabolismo urbano -flujos de masa y energía -flujos de materiales -sos tenibilidad -vida urbana Keywords | urban metabolism -mass and energy flows -material flow -sustainability -ur ban life El superorganismo urbanoTanto los constructos y ambientes intervenidos por el hombre como los eco sistemas prístinos están conformados por partes y eventos que determinan relaciones internas y externas, que en conjunto definen el concepto común de sistema. Ambos se constituyen por "elementos idealmente separables con interacciones entre sí" (Margalef 2002, 80), base común que es el punto de partida para concebir el entendimiento de estas dos realidades, sugerir similitudes ...

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Generating sustainable towns from Chinese villages: A system modeling approach

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Application of Controlled-Release Urea Enhances Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Irrigated Rice in the Yangtze River Basin, China

Application of Controlled-Release Urea Enhances Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Irrigated Rice in the Yangtze River Basin, China

What factors determine whether a community will choose the pathway to sustainable development in China?

Metabolismo urbano: herramienta para la sustentabilidad de las ciudades

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