Generating randomness: making the most out of disordering a false order into a real one

Abstract

Randomness is far from a disturbing disorder in nature. Rather, it underlies many processes and functions. Randomness can be used to improve the efficacy of development and of systems under certain conditions. Moreover, valid unpredictable random-number generators are needed for secure communication, rendering predictable pseudorandom strings unsuitable. This paper reviews methods of generating randomness in various fields. The potential use of these methods is also discussed. It is suggested that by disordering a “false order,” an effective disorder can be generated to improve the function of systems.

Order Through Disorder: The Characteristic Variability of Systems

“…The optimal state in variability may have a U shape between a chaotic pattern of variability in a steady state and full predictability in a normal biological system (Stergiou and Decker, 2011;Ilan, 2019a,b,c,e,f). Dosing of medications using regular fixed regimens may not be compatible with the physiological variability in the immune system and may further contribute to loss of response (Weiner et al, 1980;Toni and Tidor, 2013;Ilan, 2019c;Kenig and Ilan, 2019;Khoury and Ilan, 2019).…”

Targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptors as a means for reducing infectivity and improving antiviral and immune response: an algorithm-based method for overcoming resistance to antiviral agents

“…The stochastic behaviour of these systems typifies their dynamic behaviour in response to internal and external triggers. Intrinsic stochasticity has been described for intracellular pathways [88]. Intra-and inter-subject biological variability has been described at the cellular organelle level, as well as for whole organs [88].…”

“…Intrinsic stochasticity has been described for intracellular pathways [88]. Intra-and inter-subject biological variability has been described at the cellular organelle level, as well as for whole organs [88]. Variability also underlies responses to disease-inducing triggers and also to the effect of drugs [89].…”

Introducing variability in targeting the microtubules: Review of current mechanisms and future directions in colchicine therapy

“…Variability is inherent to biological systems and is considered a part of the normal function of cells and organs. [144][145][146] The dynamic instability of MTs exemplifies the variability in their structure and function. 147 Variability contributes to cell plasticity and is a method used for overcoming errors in the assembly and tasks at the cellular and potentially whole organ levels.…”

“…147 Variability contributes to cell plasticity and is a method used for overcoming errors in the assembly and tasks at the cellular and potentially whole organ levels. 145,145,146,[148][149][150] Variability also characterizes the response to certain therapies. 149 The introduction of variability was proposed as a method for overcoming partial or complete loss of effect to medications for chronic conditions.…”