Targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptors as a means for reducing infectivity and improving antiviral and immune response: an algorithm-based method for overcoming resistance to antiviral agents

Gelman, Ram; Bayatra, Areej; Kessler, Asa; Schwartz, Asaf; Ilan, Yaron

doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1776161

Cited by 56 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Since viruses usually have different sensitivities to physical and chemical damaging agents such as antiviral drugs, heat, UV and ionizing radiation, ranging from extremely sensitive (ES) to extremely resistant (ER), it is of crucial importance to choose a robust treatment strategy. It is well documented that where the treatment course is effective (i.e., viral fitness is impaired sufficiently), no viral genomes will be successfully replicated, but where the treatment is ineffective and some genomes find the opportunity to replicate, selective pressures may lead to rapid adaptation causing viral resistance [75]. Therefore, when the treatment is not robust, it may cause an even larger disaster than the current one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Pressure-Free Treatments for COVID-19

Mortazavi

Sihver

2020

Radiation

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The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 40 million human infections since December 2019, when a cluster of unexplained pneumonia cases was first reported in Wuhan, China. Just a few days after the coronavirus was officially recognized, it was identified as the causative agent of this mysterious pneumonia. This paper discusses the pros and cons of antiviral drugs from the selective pressure and possible drug resistance point of view. We also address the key advantages of potential selective pressure-free treatment methods such as the use of sparsely and densely ionizing low-dose radiation (LDR). It is known that LDR has the capacity to modulate excessive inflammatory responses, regulate lymphocyte counts and control bacterial co-infections in patients with COVID-19 and different modalities. Substantial evidence shows that viruses are constantly mutating and evolving. When an antiviral immune response is unable to eliminate a virus, viral evolution is promoted. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to limit the use of antivirals/vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 when their effects on viral fitness are not fully understood. Furthermore, to limit the spread of the virus, it is essential to develop a vaccine that is available for as many people as possible. However, with the advent of vaccines or new therapies, the new situation may force the virus to evolve. Given this consideration, selective pressure-free treatments for COVID-19 are of great importance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Pressure-Free Treatments for COVID-19

Mortazavi

Sihver

2020

Radiation

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“…Viruses reach mucous membranes through droplets or via fingers that touch the surfaces of contaminated objects and infect susceptible cells. An ACE2‐independent pathway of infection via dipipetidyl peptidase 4(DPP4) and or glucose‐regulated protein 78(GPR78) also may exists in various cells including lymphocytes, which induces transient immunodeficiency; however, the details of this process are unknown 12 . Viremia is not frequently observed, but we cannot rule out blood‐borne dissemination of SARS‐CoV‐2 into various organs.…”

Section: What Is Sars‐cov‐2?mentioning

confidence: 92%

Covid‐19 pandemic and pregnancy

Hayakawa

Komine‐Aizawa

Mor

2020

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, emerged and quickly spread around the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of this disease, belongs to the β-coronavirus family, together with SARS and middle east respiratory syndrome, and has similar biological characteristics to these viruses. For obstetricians, the susceptibility and prognoses of pregnant women and the effects of the infection on the fetus have been the focus of attention; however, at present, the seriousness of the disease in pregnant women is not apparent, and COVID-19 does not increase the rate of miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm labor or teratogenicity. Even so, carriers might transmit SARS-CoV-2 to pregnant women. Thus, we must keep in mind that all medical personnel must understand and maintain standard precautions in their clinical and laboratory practices.

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“…(115) A major obstacle for implementing immune-based therapies for the viruses, including the administration of mAbs, is associated with development of viral resistance due to immune evasion mechanisms, which the virus generates in response to the immune pressure imposed on it by immunomodulatory agents. (116) Prolonged exposure to antiviral drugs is associated with drug resistance, leading to persistent viremia or severe disease. In cases where antiviral treatment is highly effective, leading to viral elimination, resistance is less likely to occur.…”

Section: Methods For Improving Potential Use Of Antibodies For Covid-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐ Corona Virus 2, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications

Ishay¹,

Kessler²,

Schwarts³

et al. 2020

Hepatol. Commun.

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The immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is comprised of both cellular and humoral arms. While current diagnostic methods are mainly based on polymerase chain reaction, they suffer from insensitivity. Therefore, antibody-based serologic tests are being developed to achieve higher sensitivity and specificity. Current efforts in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection include blocking of viral entry into the host cells, prohibiting viral replication and survival in the host cells, and reducing the exaggerated host immune response. Administration of convalescent plasma containing antiviral antibodies was proposed to improve the outcome in severe cases. In this paper, we review some of the aspects associated with the development of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their potential use for improved diagnosis and therapy. (Hepatology Communications 2020;0:1-13).

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Targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptors as a means for reducing infectivity and improving antiviral and immune response: an algorithm-based method for overcoming resistance to antiviral agents

Abstract: 2 receptors as a means for reducing infectivity and improving antiviral and immune response: an algorithm-based method for overcoming resistance to antiviral agents,

Cited by 56 publications

References 94 publications

Selective Pressure-Free Treatments for COVID-19

Selective Pressure-Free Treatments for COVID-19

Covid‐19 pandemic and pregnancy

Antibody Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐ Corona Virus 2, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications

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