Generating biocrude from partially defatted Cryptococcus curvatus yeast residues through catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction

Microbial oil production from acidified glycerol pretreated sugarcane bagasse by Mortierella isabellina

“…[32][33][34] There are also a few studies on HTL of microbial biomass for the production of biooils with the focus on yeast biomass. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Although HTL does not require catalysts, alkaline catalysts such as Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 and KOH are widely used to improve the oil yields because they promote the formation of aromatic oils. 34 In general, the oil yields obtained from HTL of algae and microbial cell biomass are less than 50% because of the low fatty acid contents (generally less than 30% in cell mass) and the inefficient conversion of non-fatty acid components (mainly carbohydrates and proteins) to oils.…”

“…[34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Although HTL does not require catalysts, alkaline catalysts such as Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 and KOH are widely used to improve the oil yields because they promote the formation of aromatic oils. 34 In general, the oil yields obtained from HTL of algae and microbial cell biomass are less than 50% because of the low fatty acid contents (generally less than 30% in cell mass) and the inefficient conversion of non-fatty acid components (mainly carbohydrates and proteins) to oils. 34,40 For example, HTL of microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta biomass containing 39-61% proteins and 2.9-5.4% microbial oils (the content variations caused by the measurement method) at 360 C for 50 min only achieved a maximum bio-oil yield of 25.8% in the presence of 5% Na 2 CO 3 .…”

“…33 HTL has been extensively studied for the production and extraction of bio-oils including fatty acids from algae, which was well summarized by a recent publication. 34 There are also a few HTL studies on yeast biomass, [34][35][36][37][38][39] but the studies on HTL of lamentous fungal biomass for oil recovery is very limited. 40 In this study, instead of using glycerol as a "drop-in" carbon source to improve microbial oil production from biomass pretreated by the glycerol-free methods, glycerol-based pretreatment was used to improve cellulose enzymatic digestibility, followed by microbial oil production on mixed substrates containing glucose and residual glycerol and HTL of fungal biomass for oil recovery.…”

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis : Focusing on aqueous phase characterization

“…The initial conditions of the feedstock slurry, like the pH value, influence the biocrude yield and its properties a lot. At present, a large number of studies are focusing on enhancing the liquefaction process by the addition of various catalysts . Muppaneni et al demonstrated an increment of 33% on biocrude yield when using KOH in the HTL of Cyanidioschyzon merolae .…”

“…At present, a large number of studies are focusing on enhancing the liquefaction process by the addition of various catalysts. [13][14][15] Muppaneni et al 15 demonstrated an increment of 33% on biocrude yield when using KOH in the HTL of Cyanidioschyzon merolae. The literature also reported an excellent performance of several alkaline catalysts including K 2 CO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 on biocrude production.…”