Generalizing the soldering procedure

Abstract

We start this work by revisiting the problem of the soldering of two chiral Schwinger models of opposite chiralities. We verify that, different from what one can conclude from the current literature, the usual sum of these models is, in fact, gauge invariant and corresponds to a composite model, where the component models are the vector and axial Schwinger models. As a consequence, we reinterpret this formalism as a kind of degree of freedom reduction mechanism. This result has led us to discover a second soldering possibility giving rise to the axial Schwinger model. This new result is seemingly rather general. We explore it here in the soldering of two Maxwell-Chern-Simons theories with different masses.

Master actions for massive spin-3 particles in D = 2 + 1

“…The field ψ μνλ corresponds to a new totally symmetric field. It is trivial to observe that with the shift ψ → ψ + φ we have the correspondence S M ⇔ S S D (3) . Using the property…”

“…The Lagrangian density L (3) S D stands for both the linearized topologically massive gravity of [14] and the third-order spin-3 model of [9]. Finally L (4) S D may represent either the linearized version of the higher derivative topologically massive gravity of [5,16] or the spin-3 fourth-order model whose main equations of motion are given in [10] and the whole action in [6].…”

“…the Maxwell-Proca (spin-1) and Fierz-Pauli (spin-2) theories and even higher spin theories. Since in D = 3 one can build up such Lagrangians, see [2,3] for the spin-1 and spin-2 cases, respectively, via soldering of opposite helicity states, one may claim that the Lagrangians which represent helicity eigenstates in D = 3 are the basic building blocks for bosonic massive higher spin particle Lagrangians. Thus, the study of such parity breaking theories (self-dual models) may have some interesting connection with massive higher spin particles in arbitrary dimensions.…”

Dual embedding of extended models with a Lorentz-breaking mass term

“…In some approaches, the price to be paid is the lost of locality [39]. For the case of a spin-2 self-dual field in three spacetime dimensions, it was shown that the dual model achieved by NDM does not suffer with the presence of ghosts [42].…”

“…Alternatives to avoid the emergency of ghosts in the process of dualization were developed [39], [40], [41], [42]. In some approaches, the price to be paid is the lost of locality [39].…”