Generalizing across stimuli as well as subjects: A neglected aspect of external validity.

Fontenelle, Gail A.; Phillips, Amanda P.; Lane, David M.

doi:10.1037/0021-9010.70.1.101

Cited by 53 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This appears to be the case both for complex objects (e.g., humansoften used to instantiate independent variables in social psychology, see [51]) and simpler objects (e.g., line drawings, see [50]) commonly used in cognitive psychology. Even when the objects are quite simple (i.e., have few features and potential interactions between them), Fontenelle et al [48] conclude: "when it is the intention of an experimenter to generalize results beyond the particular sample of objects employed, the statistical treatment of objects as a fixed effect is generally inappropriate. Thus, unless a researcher is willing to limit the generalizability of his or her findings severely, the effect of stimulus sampling must be considered both in the design of the experiment and in the analysis of the results."…”

Section: From Stimuli To Artifact Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wells and Windschitl [51, p. 1115] consider this neglect "a serious problem that plagues a surprising number of experiments," casting doubts on the validity of conclusions drawn from such studies. To increase the validity of experimental studies, more and more researchers call for stimuli sampling -selecting objects at random from the theoretical feature space [48], [51].…”

Section: From Stimuli To Artifact Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artifact Sampling: Using Multiple Information Technology Artifacts to Increase Research Rigor

Lukyanenko¹,

Parsons²,

Samuel³

2018

Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

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Researchers in many scientific disciplines routinely conceptualize information technologies (IT) as antecedents or outcomes in theoretical models. The ongoing theorizing of IT leads to a novel methodological challenge termed instantiation validity (IV). In this paper, we contribute to research on remediating IV challenges by proposing and advocating the methodological practice of artifact sampling, whereby multiple artifacts are sampled from the population of all possible artifacts (the instantiation space). Artifact sampling extends the practice of employing multiple research subjects or survey respondents, routinely used in social sciences, into the IT artifact design space. Artifact sampling is an important methodological practice that stands to increase the rigor of research dealing with software artifacts. As it is currently not being adequately undertaken in the aforementioned research, many studies may result in biased or unjustified conclusions.

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Section: From Stimuli To Artifact Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: From Stimuli To Artifact Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artifact Sampling: Using Multiple Information Technology Artifacts to Increase Research Rigor

Lukyanenko¹,

Parsons²,

Samuel³

2018

Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is rare in research to find this many different productand item-stimuli tested in one paper; and the range and number of products and stimuli that comprise our studies increases the external validity of our findings. Although conducting field studies is one way to assess external validity, it can also be assessed by conducting studies containing many stimuli (Fontenelle, Phillips, and Lane 1985;Wells and Windschitl 1999). …”

Section: Meta-analysis Of Studies 1-8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Other People’s Money: Money’s Perceived Purchasing Power Is Smaller for Others Than for the Self

Polman

Effron

Thomas

2017

Journal of Consumer Research

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Nine studies find that people believe their money has greater purchasing power than the same quantity of others' money. Using a variety of products from socks to clocks to chocolates, we found that participants thought the same amount of money could buy more when it belonged to themselves versus others -a pattern that extended to undesirable products. Participants also believed their money -in the form of donations, taxes, fines, and fees -would help charities/governments more than others' money. We tested six mechanisms based on psychological distance, the endowment effect, wishful thinking, better-than-average biases, painof-payment, and beliefs about product preferences. Only a psychological distance mechanism received support. Specifically, we found that the perceived purchasing power of other people's money decreased logarithmically as others' psychological distance from the self increased, consistent with psychological distance's subadditive property. Further supporting a psychological distance mechanism, we found that framing one's own money as distant (vs. near) reduced the self-other difference in perceived purchasing power. Our results suggest that beliefs about the value of money depend on who owns it, and we discuss implications for marketing, management, psychology, and economics.

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“…Interviews with two triads of female Hispanic students further established the Hispanic symbolism of the warm colors and mainstream symbolism of the cool colors. Further, three sets of color stimuli were chosen for stimulus sampling purposes (Fontelle et al, 1985). Each color stimulus set included a warm and a cool color: (1) red (warm) and blue (cool); (2) purple (warm) and green (cool); and (3) redpurple (warm) and blue-purple (cool).…”

Section: Product Attribute Symbolism Manipulation and Color Stimulus mentioning

confidence: 99%

The malleable bicultural consumer: effects of cultural contexts on aesthetic judgments

Chattaraman

Rudd

Lennon

2009

J of Consumer Behaviour

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Grounded in the cognitive framework of processing fluency, this study proposes further support for the experiential perspective in aesthetics by positing that aesthetic response to the same object may be malleable, depending on how the symbolic properties of the object interact with different cultural contexts which either facilitate or debilitate the processing experience of the perceiver. The study employed an Internet experiment to test the hypotheses among 105 female Hispanic college-aged students enrolled at a large midwestern university. The findings revealed that symbolic attributes of products interact with cultural contexts to affect aesthetic judgments of (Hispanic) consumers. Aesthetic judgments were more positive when evaluating culturally symbolic product attributes after exposure to congruent contextual cues that facilitate fluent processing. The study furnishes support for the impact of environment/context on consumer behavior and aesthetic judgment, thus establishing further support for the cognitive framework of conceptual fluency in explaining aesthetic response. The study also contributes to recent literature on ''frame-switching'' among bicultural consumers by suggesting that these consumers navigate between competing cultural frames in response to visual primes, with resultant shifts in aesthetic judgments. Important marketing insights emerge from these findings.

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Generalizing across stimuli as well as subjects: A neglected aspect of external validity.

Cited by 53 publications

References 12 publications

Artifact Sampling: Using Multiple Information Technology Artifacts to Increase Research Rigor

Artifact Sampling: Using Multiple Information Technology Artifacts to Increase Research Rigor

Other People’s Money: Money’s Perceived Purchasing Power Is Smaller for Others Than for the Self

The malleable bicultural consumer: effects of cultural contexts on aesthetic judgments

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