Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Peptic Ulcer Disease Among Adults in the United States

Abstract

These findings are consistent with and extend previous clinical and epidemiologic data, providing evidence of a dose-response relationship between GAD and self-reported PUD among adults in the general population. The mechanism of this association remains unknown. Future work investigating the relationship between onset of GAD and development of PUD in prospective, longitudinal, epidemiologic data with objective measures of physical health status and mental health may be useful in improving our understanding of this link.

Risk of suicide among operated and non-operated patients hospitalised for peptic ulcers

“…Although the majority of peptic ulcers are due to H. pylori infection and/or NSAIDs use, there is some evidence supporting the association of this disease with stressful life events and anxiety,23 24 25 and most likely these aetiological factors have an additive effect with stress. Moreover, in non- H. pylori non-NSAIDs ulcers stress might be a key factor 26.…”

The role of psychosocial factors in peptic ulcer disease: Beyond Helicobacter pylori and NSAIDs

“…Other investigators have supported the association of ulcer disease with stressful life events, neuroticism, and anxiety [71][72][73][74]. Raiha et al [75] used a Finnish twin cohort to evaluate various environmental and genetic factors associated with history of peptic ulcer disease.…”

Anxiety and depressive symptoms and medical illness among adults with anxiety disorders

“…In a large community sample (N = 42,249), people diagnosed with anxiety disorders were more likely to have a variety of medical conditions including obesity (OR 1.2), diabetes (OR 1.3), asthma (OR 1.6), hypertension (OR 1.7), arthritis (OR 1.7), ulcer (OR 1.9), back/neck problems (OR 2.0), heart disease (OR 2.0), headache (OR 2.3), and multiple pains (OR 2.3) (10). Other studies report that adults with anxiety disorders have increased prevalence or risk of peptic ulcer disease (11), hypertension (12), coronary heart disease (13), and diabetes (14), and in a study of older adults, eyesight deterioration was associated with an increase in anxiety symptoms (15). …”