Generalized Anxiety Disorder Across the Lifespan

Portman, Michael E.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-89243-6

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 418 publications

(579 reference statements)

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“…Although highly prevalent and debilitating, GAD often goes undertreated (Kroenke et al, 2007). Studies have indicated that up to 25% of patients with GAD who are not treated appropriately develop other disorders such as panic disorders and major depressive disorders (Portman, 2009). Treatment for GAD often involves the use of pharmacotherapy and/or cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT; Montgomery, 2009; Portman, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Studies have indicated that up to 25% of patients with GAD who are not treated appropriately develop other disorders such as panic disorders and major depressive disorders (Portman, 2009). Treatment for GAD often involves the use of pharmacotherapy and/or cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT; Montgomery, 2009; Portman, 2009). Although there has been some success, there are also limitations with these approaches.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effect of sandplay therapy on the thalamus in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A case report.

Foo¹,

Freedle²,

Sani³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Play Therapy

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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), a common, debilitating condition, involves psychological and physiological dysfunction. Sandplay therapy (SPT), a multisensory treatment modality, has been successfully used to reduce anxiety ratings for individuals suffering from GAD using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the General Anxiety-7 (GAD-7). Because GAD involves sensory processing alterations in the thalamus, which may also be implicated in SPT, it would be beneficial to accompany evaluation with a physiological measurement targeting the thalamus. Using an A-B single-subject design, this case study explores whether clinical improvement in a GAD patient treated with SPT is associated with brain metabolite changes, specifically the N-acetylaspartate to creatine (NAA/Cr) ratio (a measure of neuronal viability) in both thalami using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. With no improvement during the waiting period, after 18 sessions of SPT, the participant (female, age 23) showed clinically significant improvement in symptoms of anxiety as measured by the HAM-A and GAD-7, and also showed improved NAA/Cr ratio to the healthy range in the right and left thalamus. The effectiveness of SPT in reducing symptoms of anxiety in this study is consistent with previous findings. The results also suggest an association between clinical improvement and metabolite changes in the thalamus and may underscore the multisensory aspects of SPT as an essential mechanism of change. Future studies regarding interpretation of the NAA/Cr ratio are recommended. Limitations are discussed.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sandplay therapy on the thalamus in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A case report.

Foo¹,

Freedle²,

Sani³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Play Therapy

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“…Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) is a common, relapsing condition with a poor prognosis if untreated (Portman, 2009 ). Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and metacognitive therapy (MCT) have proven to be effective treatments.…”

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confidence: 99%

Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive–behavioral therapy in adults with generalized anxiety disorder: A 9‐year follow‐up study

et al. 2021

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Objective: Metacognitive therapy (MCT) and cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) are effective treatments for generalized anxiety disorder. In this study, we followed-up patients who had previously participated in a randomized controlled trial of MCT compared against CBT.Method: We collected 9-year follow-up data on 39 out of 60 original patients (i.e., 65% response rate).Results: At 9 years, the recovery rates were 57% for MCT and 38% for CBT (completer analysis). Following MCT, 43% maintained their recovery status and a further 14% achieved recovery. Following CBT, the sustained recovery rate was 13%, while a further 25% achieved recovery. Patients in the MCT condition showed significantly more improvement with respect to symptoms of worry and anxiety. In the CBT group, 23.1% were re-diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) compared with 9.5% in the MCT group. Conclusions:This follow-up study showed a continuation of gains in both treatments at long-term follow-up, but with outcomes continuing to favor MCT and strengthening its comparative superiority.

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“…Research has shown that only 50% of patients with generalized anxiety disorder using cognitive -behavioral therapy improved (Burkuk et al, 2003). On the other hand pervasive disorder is a disorder resistant to treatment (Portman, 2008). One goal of cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety as a result of it Improvement of performance in Do work and social obligations.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on anxiety and depression inclusive

Sabetfar¹,

Sepahvand²

2019

sjmshm

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Background: This study examined the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on depression and anxiety improve learners. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design Seventeen employees of Kish Free Zone Organization in accordance with criteria Psychiatric Association America were diagnosed with generalized anxiety and depression and were divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group were sixteen individual sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy. At the end of treatment and after three months of treatment, participants were re-evaluated. Results: The results showed that CBT significantly improved depression and generalized anxiety disorder at post-test and follow-up points. Conclusion: The results showed that CBT is effective in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety.

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder Across the Lifespan

Cited by 17 publications

References 418 publications

The effect of sandplay therapy on the thalamus in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A case report.

The effect of sandplay therapy on the thalamus in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A case report.

Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive–behavioral therapy in adults with generalized anxiety disorder: A 9‐year follow‐up study

The effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on anxiety and depression inclusive

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