Generalized and Specific Neurocognitive Deficits in Prodromal Schizophrenia

Lencz, Todd; Smith, Christopher W.; McLaughlin, Danielle; Auther, Andrea M.; Nakayama, Emilie Y.; Hovey, Lauren; Cornblatt, Barbara A.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.09.005

Cited by 370 publications

(320 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Contrary to prior reports (Keefe et al, 2006;Pukrop et al, 2007;Lencz et al, 2006), this study did not reveal baseline neurocognitive performance differences between high-risk adolescents who converted to Axis I psychosis and those who did not. This discrepancy may be attributable to limited statistical power due to smaller sample size.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The most cardinal distinguishing factor, however, is again the younger age of the current sample, which renders participants not as 'imminently' at-risk compared to older samples more proximal to the age of conversion. In addition, the current sample relies more heavily on ratings of schizotypal symptoms as opposed to, for example, studies utilizing measures indexing 'attenuated positive symptoms' (Lencz et al, 2006) or 'cognitiveperceptive basic symptoms' or 'any attenuated or transient psychotic symptoms' (Pukrop et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also some reports of a relation between cognitive dysfunction and conversion to psychosis in clinical high-risk groups (Lencz et al, 2006;Keefe et al, 2006;Brewer et al, 2005). Specifically, two investigations revealed that poorer verbal memory predicted psychosis outcome (Brewer et al, 2005;Lencz et al, 2006). Another showed that a Corresponding author: Deborah J. Walder, Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College of The City University of New York, Phone: (718) 951-5000, x.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocognition and conversion to psychosis in adolescents at high-risk

Walder

Mittal

Trotman

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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This study examined neurocognitive predictors of conversion to Axis I psychosis among adolescents at high-risk for psychosis (AHRP). There were no significant differences in neurocognitive performance between adolescents at high-risk for psychosis who converted (AHRP+) and adolescents at high-risk for psychosis who did not convert (AHRP−). Within-sex comparisons revealed a relation between risk status and performance among females, with AHRP+ performing below AHRP−, but this effect did not hold for males. Between-sex comparisons revealed AHRP− males performed worse than AHRP− females on several measures. Across groups, males performed better than their female counterparts on select measures. Results are discussed in terms of implications for use of neurocognitive profiles as bio-risk markers of psychosis, while considering sex differences. Keywordspsychosis; high-risk; adolescents; cognition; sex differences; bio-risk markers Neurocognitive deficits are a well-established characteristic of schizophrenia (see Green et al., 2006). Despite strong evidence of poor premorbid intellectual functioning (for a meta-analytic review, see Aylward et al., 1984;Seidman et al., 2006;Reichenberg et al., 2006) and literature suggesting subtle functional impairments in years preceding clinical onset (e.g., , only a few studies have examined neurocognitive functioning among high-risk youth in relationship to vulnerability for conversion to Axis I psychosis.There are some recent reports of neurocognitive impairments among clinical high-risk individuals (Gschwandtner et al., 2003), including adolescents meeting criteria for schizophrenia prodromal syndrome (Hawkins et al., 2004) and youth with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD;Trotman et al., 2006), though others have not replicated this (Brewer et al., 2006). There are also some reports of a relation between cognitive dysfunction and conversion to psychosis in clinical high-risk groups (Lencz et al., 2006;Keefe et al., 2006;Brewer et al., 2005). Specifically, two investigations revealed that poorer verbal memory predicted psychosis outcome (Brewer et al., 2005;Lencz et al., 2006). Another showed that a Corresponding author: Deborah J. Walder, Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College of The City University of New York, Phone: (718) 951-5000, x. 6013, FAX: (718) 951-4814, E-mail: dwalder@brooklyn.cuny.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Bilder et al., 2000; Gittelman-Klein and Klen, 1969;Erlenmeyer-Kimling et al., 1984). The vast majority of studies indicate better premorbid functioning during childhood among fe...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocognition and conversion to psychosis in adolescents at high-risk

Walder

Mittal

Trotman

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Verbal learning tasks regularly show some of the greatest levels of impairment relative to other neurocognitive domains. [137][138][139][140][141][142] Niendam and colleagues, 142 for example, showed pronounced verbal learning deficits in a sample of 45 12-year-old to 29-year-old UHR patients attending a prodromal clinic in California. Similarly, Jhashan and colleagues 143,144 demonstrated marked deficits in verbal learning in a sample of 48 12-year-old to 30-year-old patients with prodromal syndromes.…”

Section: Verbal Learning/memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Risk and the Emergence of Schizophrenia

Clarke

Kelleher

Clancy

et al. 2012

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

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“…Individuals at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for developing psychosis demonstrate deficits on neuropsychological measures of EF (Hawkins et al 2004,Lencz et al 2005, which are associated with poor social and role functioning .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological assessment of executive dysfunction in the psychosis prodrome: A pilot study

Niendam

Horwitz

Bearden

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Research

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Individuals with psychosis have prominent executive functioning (EF) deficits on neuropsychological tests, but their relationship to EF deficits in daily life is unclear. This study evaluates behavioral manifestations of EF deficits, assessed by the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF), and their clinical correlates in individuals at ultra-high-risk for psychosis (UHR). UHR subjects showed significantly elevated BRIEF scores, particularly on the Working Memory scale. BRIEF scores were associated with positive symptoms and functioning, but not with neuropsychological performance. The BRIEF appears to capture unique aspects of executive dysfunction, possibly associated with illness progression and functioning in the psychosis prodrome.

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Generalized and Specific Neurocognitive Deficits in Prodromal Schizophrenia

Cited by 370 publications

References 83 publications

Neurocognition and conversion to psychosis in adolescents at high-risk

Neurocognition and conversion to psychosis in adolescents at high-risk

Predicting Risk and the Emergence of Schizophrenia

Ecological assessment of executive dysfunction in the psychosis prodrome: A pilot study

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