Generalization of Friedberg-Lee symmetry

Abstract

We study the possible origin of Friedberg-Lee symmetry. First, we propose the generalized Friedberg-Lee symmetry in the potential by including the scalar fields in the field transformations, which can be broken down to the FL symmetry spontaneously. We show that the generalized Friedberg-Lee symmetry allows a typical form of Yukawa couplings, and the realistic neutrino masses and mixings can be generated via see-saw mechanism. If the right-handed neutrinos transform nontrivially under the generalized Friedberg-Lee symmetry, we can have the testable TeV scale see-saw mechanism. Second, we present two models with the SO(3)×U (1) global flavour symmetry in the lepton sector. After the flavour symmetry breaking, we can obtain the charged lepton masses, and explain the neutrino masses and mixings via see-saw mechanism. Interestingly, the complete neutrino mass matrices are similar to those of the above models with generalized Friedberg-Lee symmetry. So the Friedberg-Lee symmetry is the residual symmetry in the neutrino mass matrix after the SO(3) × U (1) flavour symmetry breaking.

Hydrogen bond of QCD in doubly heavy baryons and tetraquarks

“…Predictions of the masses of doubly heavy baryons, based on different methods, have appeared earlier in the literature [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Numerical values are summarized in [17] and spread in a typical range of 100-200 MeV around our values.…”

Masses of ground-state mesons and baryons, including those with heavy quarks

“…Refs. [110,111]). These observations also have implications for few-body studies of the tetra-and penta-quark problems.…”

Strange baryons with two heavy quarks

“…[32] 3650 ± 50 Nonrelativistic QCD sum rules [33] 3749 ± 10 Quark model [34] 3590 ± 50 Potential approach + QCD sum rules [35] 3594 Potential model [36] 3860 Nonperturbative string [37] 3778 Relativistic quark-diquark [39] 3619 Bag model [38] 3637 ± 23 Lattice; exact chiral symmetry [40] 3732 Relativistic quark model + Bethe-Salpeter [41] 3702 +41 Variational [42] 3815 Quark model [43] 3719 Relativistic quark model [44] 3650.4 ± 6.3 b Quadratic mass relations [45] 3697 Quark model + QCD [46] 3710 ± 140 QCD sum rules [47] 3635 ± 15 Instantaneous approx. + Bethe-Salpeter [48] 3566 ÷ 3687 Potential model [49] 4250 ± 200 QCD sum rules [50] 3710 Modified bag model [51] 3648 Anti-de Sitter/QCD inspired potl. [52] 3630 b QCD sum rules [53] 3667 Preferred potential model [54] 3650 [55] 3747(9)( 11 47 ) ÷ 3727(9)( 16 40 ) Quenched lattice (LGT) [56] 3663(11)(17)(95) Quenched lattice [57] 3763 ± 19 ± 26 +13…”