General stress proteins in Bacillus subtilis

Hecker, M

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(90)90554-4

Cited by 45 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…phoR and spoUA strains and the wild-type were grown in low-phosphate medium and at different growth points (exponential phase, transition phase, and 0 5 h, 1 h and 2 h into stationary phase) 2 ml culture was transferred into 10 ml flasks and labelled with 10 pCi (3.7 x 10' Bq) ~-['~S]methionine for 3 min. Sample preparation for 2-D PAGE was carried out as described by Hecker & Voelker (1990) except that an equal amount of radioactively labelled proteins (1 x 10' c.p.m.) was resuspended in El-PMSF solution (described in the protocol for the Investigator 2-D Electrophoresis System ; Millipore).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate-starvation-inducible proteins in Bacillus subtilis: a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis study

et al. 1996

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A two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis study of Bacillus subtilis strain 168 identified 20 proteins that are strongly induced in response to phosphate starvation. The induction of nine of these phosphate-starvation-induced (Psi) proteins was dependent on a functional PhoR protein. PhoR is the histidine sensor-kinase component of a phosphate-concentration-sensing twocomponent regulatory system which, together with its partner response regulator PhoP, controls the expression of genes in the Pho regulon. Genes encoding PhoR-dependent Psi proteins are therefore likely to be members of the Pho regulon. SpoOA -P, the response regulator of the signal transduction pathway required for the induction of sporulation, has previously been shown to negatively affect the induction of the Pho regulon by repressing the phoPqahoR operon. The induction pattern of some PhoR-dependent Psi proteins was altered in a spoOA mutant such that their synthesis continued for longer than was found with the wild-type. The most abundant Psi protein, Psil-3, was characterized by N-terminal sequencing of internal peptide fragments and shown to have a high similarity to an Escherichia d i protein which is involved in phosphate uptake during phosphate starvation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate-starvation-inducible proteins in Bacillus subtilis: a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis study

et al. 1996

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“…Further support for this assumption came from several observations: (i) an additional regulatory gene, called mecB or clpC (19,24), which acts downstream from DegS-DegU and ComP-ComA in the regulatory cascade, is induced by multiple stresses, including heat shock, ethanol, and salt stress, oxygen limitation, and growth to stationary phase after exhaustion of glucose or amino acids; (ii) mutations in the regulatory genes degU, comP-comA, and srfA, which are part of the DegS-DegU and ComP-ComA regulatory cascades, lead to an increased level of expression of the alternative sigma factor B (2). This sigma factor plays an important role in the increased synthesis of general stress proteins and salt-specific stress proteins (3,4,13,33).…”

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Salt stress is an environmental signal affecting degradative enzyme synthesis in Bacillus subtilis

1995

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Growth under conditions of salt stress has important effects on the synthesis of degradative enzymes in Bacillus subtilis. Salt stress strongly stimulates the expression of sacB, encoding levansucrase (about ninefold), and downregulates the expression of aprE, encoding alkaline protease (about sixfold). It is suggested that the DegS-DegU two-component system is involved in sensing salt stress. Moreover, it has been shown that the level of sacB expression strongly depends on the growth conditions; its expression level is about eightfold higher in cells grown on agar plates than in cells grown in liquid medium.

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“…As a consequence, B. subtilis is well equipped with a stress defense machinery to cope with these growth-restricting conditions. The very strong induction of a typical set of proteins in B. subtilis, which we call general stress proteins, occurs within the first minutes after the exposure of cells to stress (21,22,44,53) and is therefore one of the earliest responses to environmental changes.The alternative sigma factor B , which is one of 10 sigma factors in B. subtilis identified so far (33), appears to be an important regulator of the synthesis of stress-induced proteins (10,52,53). The increased activity of B after stress or early in stationary phase has been correlated with the increased synthesis of B -dependent stress proteins (5, 9-11, 53).…”

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Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and regulation of katE encoding a sigma B-dependent catalase in Bacillus subtilis

1995

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A B -dependent stress gene of Bacillus subtilis was localized downstream of the licS gene. The predicted amino acid sequence exhibited a significant similarity to the sequence of the katE-encoded catalase HPII of Escherichia coli, and we designated it the open reading frame katE. In a B. subtilis katE mutant, catalase 2 could not be detected. The amount of katE-specific mRNA was increased after heat, salt, or ethanol stress or after glucose starvation in a B -dependent manner. As in E. coli, the transcription of the katE gene in B. subtilis was unaffected by the addition of H 2 O 2 to exponentially growing cells. In contrast, the katA gene encoding catalase 1 of B. subtilis showed an induction pattern different from that of katE; katA expression was strongly increased by oxidative stress. The similarity between E. coli S -dependent genes and B. subtilis B -dependent genes suggests that both may confer multiple stress resistance to stationary-phase cells.In its natural environment Bacillus subtilis is often exposed to limiting amounts of nutrients and high salt concentrations as well as alterations in pH and temperature. As a consequence, B. subtilis is well equipped with a stress defense machinery to cope with these growth-restricting conditions. The very strong induction of a typical set of proteins in B. subtilis, which we call general stress proteins, occurs within the first minutes after the exposure of cells to stress (21,22,44,53) and is therefore one of the earliest responses to environmental changes.The alternative sigma factor B , which is one of 10 sigma factors in B. subtilis identified so far (33), appears to be an important regulator of the synthesis of stress-induced proteins (10,52,53). The increased activity of B after stress or early in stationary phase has been correlated with the increased synthesis of B -dependent stress proteins (5, 9-11, 53). In a sigB deletion mutant these proteins fail to be induced. Nevertheless, the mutation of sigB did not result in an increased sensitivity to stress or starvation. Therefore, the physiological role of B under these conditions remains obscure (17).In order to understand the role of B , it is necessary to investigate the function and regulation of genes controlled by sigB in more detail. ctc (20), csbA (12), and sigB (9, 10, 25) were the first genes shown to be subject to B -dependent regulation. Both ctc and sigB are strongly induced upon entry into stationary phase and after heat, salt, or ethanol stress (4, 9, 53). Recently, we have shown that the gsiB gene, which was originally identified as a gene induced by glucose starvation (37), belongs to the general stress genes in B. subtilis and requires B for its induction in response to various stimuli (32, 53). Unfortunately, the physiological functions of the gene products of csbA, ctc, and gsiB have not yet been identified.Recently, new csb loci have been identified by a genetic approach (10). The expression of these csb loci is either completely or partially dependent on B . One of these loci is gtaB (...

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General stress proteins in Bacillus subtilis

Cited by 45 publications

References 45 publications

Phosphate-starvation-inducible proteins in Bacillus subtilis: a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis study

Phosphate-starvation-inducible proteins in Bacillus subtilis: a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis study

Salt stress is an environmental signal affecting degradative enzyme synthesis in Bacillus subtilis

Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and regulation of katE encoding a sigma B-dependent catalase in Bacillus subtilis

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