General Strategy for Fabrication of Ordered One Dimensional Inorganic Structures by Electrospinning: Structural Evolution From Belt to Solid via Hollow Tubes

Abstract

Increasing profound interest in methods to fabricate complex hollow superstructures in terms of shell architecture is highly desirable for the realization of various functionalities. Recent efforts in this direction have strongly suggested that unlike other hollow structures, tubular structures do not have well-developed nanostructure library, and establishing a general method remains a significant challenge. Hollowstructured metal oxides have emerged as one of the most propitious functional materials by virtue of their hollow interior, shell composition, internal structure, low density, high surface area, and fast diffusion ability. [1][2][3][4] These solitary and exceptional characteristics have made them outstand in various fields including catalysis, chemical sensors, adsorption, and energy conversion/storage systems. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The recent past has significantly seen dimensionally controlled structures to be drawing recognition because of their correlation between the structure and property in surfaceenhanced applications. In this aspect, intensive efforts have taken place to develop diverse approaches for assembling hollow structures to optimize their physicochemical properties for specific applications. Consequently, this has been upheld through varied synthesis routes and numerous hollow structures such as spheres, boxes, and micro/nanotubes have been fabricated. [13,14] To raise the value of appropriate functionalities and exploit the structural advantages in surface-enhanced applications, welldefined shell structures with tunable size, shape, composition, and pores are highly desirable. However, most of the reported hollow structures possess relatively simple configuration which strongly limits their prospects to modulate potential characteristics. This remains as a substantial challenge to structural aspects including the shell thickness, number of internal multishells, porosity, and importantly unsuitable for large-scale synthesis. Among the different methods for preparing the hollow structures, template-assisted synthesis has been recognized as a straightforward method because of the predictability of the resultant shapes originating from the sacrificed templates. [15][16][17][18] Although the templating strategy has enabled the successful preparation of hollow structures; however, it still possess few critical challenges. They include the cost, tedious and timeconsuming coating procedure, nonuniformity of coating, reproducibility, additional steps to remove the template without collapsing the original structure, and scalability. Furthermore, the

Electrospun PVP-Core/PHBV-Shell Fibers to Eliminate Tailing Off for an Improved Sustained Release of Curcumin

“…As a “brother” technology of electrospraying, electrospinning uses electrostatic field forces to fabricate continuous micro-/nanofibers. − In recent years, coaxial electrospinning, an “improved version” of traditional single-fluid electrospinning, has been developed and widely used in the preparation of functional materials. − The encapsulation efficiency and release characteristics of the drug will be improved when they attach to the surface of the carrier or are encapsulated inside. − Inspired by this concept, a series of drug-sustained release strategies have been realized by electrospinning medicine nanofibers …”

Grooved Fibers: Preparation Principles Through Electrospinning and Potential Applications

“…Studies have shown that the composition and structure of electrospun fiber can improve and change their properties and applications. The common secondary structure of the electrospinning fiber is porous [23][24][25][26], hollow [27][28][29][30], groove [22,31,32], belt-like [33], etc. The coarse surface of grooved fibers is conducive to cell adhesion, and the orientation of groove fibers can induce axon growth well, so groove fibers can be used for tissue engineering [34].…”