General insight into cancer: An overview of colorectal cancer (Review)

Alzahrani, Shiekhah Mohammad; Doghaither, Huda A. Al; Al‐Ghafari, Ayat B.

doi:10.3892/mco.2021.2433

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Significant advances have been made in the past 20 years with respect to diagnostic by refining tumor classification, enabling this way pathologists and molecular biologists to better define both pathologic and molecular colorectal cancer features ( 4 ). In the current clinical landscape, the most common tools used for CRC classification are the histological subtype, tumor localization, and the molecular pathway underlying carcinogenesis ( 5 ). Regarding the histopathology of CRC, adenocarcinoma is the most common type of CRC, accounting for more than 90% of the CRC cases diagnosed worldwide, including mucinous adenocarcinoma (10%) and signet ring cell CRC (2%) ( 6 , 7 ).…”

Section: Standardization In Colorectal Cancer Molecular Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Biopsy and Artificial Intelligence as Tools to Detect Signatures of Colorectal Malignancies: A Modern Approach in Patient’s Stratification

et al. 2022

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequently diagnosed type of cancer and a major worldwide public health concern. Despite the global efforts in the development of modern therapeutic strategies, CRC prognosis is strongly correlated with the stage of the disease at diagnosis. Early detection of CRC has a huge impact in decreasing mortality while pre-lesion detection significantly reduces the incidence of the pathology. Even though the management of CRC patients is based on robust diagnostic methods such as serum tumor markers analysis, colonoscopy, histopathological analysis of tumor tissue, and imaging methods (computer tomography or magnetic resonance), these strategies still have many limitations and do not fully satisfy clinical needs due to their lack of sensitivity and/or specificity. Therefore, improvements of the current practice would substantially impact the management of CRC patients. In this view, liquid biopsy is a promising approach that could help clinicians screen for disease, stratify patients to the best treatment, and monitor treatment response and resistance mechanisms in the tumor in a regular and minimally invasive manner. Liquid biopsies allow the detection and analysis of different tumor-derived circulating markers such as cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the bloodstream. The major advantage of this approach is its ability to trace and monitor the molecular profile of the patient’s tumor and to predict personalized treatment in real-time. On the other hand, the prospective use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine holds great promise in oncology, for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction of disease. AI has two main branches in the medical field: (i) a virtual branch that includes medical imaging, clinical assisted diagnosis, and treatment, as well as drug research, and (ii) a physical branch that includes surgical robots. This review summarizes findings relevant to liquid biopsy and AI in CRC for better management and stratification of CRC patients.

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Section: Standardization In Colorectal Cancer Molecular Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Biopsy and Artificial Intelligence as Tools to Detect Signatures of Colorectal Malignancies: A Modern Approach in Patient’s Stratification

et al. 2022

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“…Previously, capsule endoscopy has been targeted mainly on the detection of abnormalities in the small intestine area since the small intestine is not easily achieved with traditional endoscopes [1]- [3]. In recent years, interest on colon capsule endoscopy has increased remarkably since the majority of the intestinal tumors are located in the colon area [4]- [6]. In general, capsule endoscopy is remarkably more comfortable than the traditional endoscopy and hence, possibility of obtaining colon examination with capsule endoscopy instead of traditional endoscopy, lowers the threshold to seek in the medical examination [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio Channel Study for Colon Capsule Endoscopy with Low-Band UWB Multiple Antenna System

Särestöniemi

Pomalaza‐Ráez

Iinatti

2022

2022 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT)

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This paper presents a study of the radio channel characteristics between a colon capsule endoscope and a multiple on-body antenna system in ultra wideband wireless body area networks (UWB-WBAN). The main aim is to study the variation of the channel characteristics for the on-body antennas in different capsule locations throughout the whole colon area. The study is conducted with CST Studio Suite simulations and one of its anatomical voxel models. A simplified capsule model and directive on-body antennas designed for low-band UWB in-body communications are used. It is found that five of this type directive on-body antennas provide sufficient coverage over the whole colon are even in the most challenging capsule locations.

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“…Significant research is being conducted on methylation of CpG and DMR in colon cancer [ 64 , 65 , 66 ], yet there is little consensus on what constitutes a significant methylation threshold that could potentially translate to clinical significance. Whether the methylation threshold is purely statistical using p values, or if it is a differential change measured in a percent difference, has not yet been sufficiently documented or validated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-Associated Differentially Methylated Regions in Colon Cancer

Milner

Chen

Grayson

et al. 2022

JPM

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Obesity with adiposity is a common disorder in modern days, influenced by environmental factors such as eating and lifestyle habits and affecting the epigenetics of adipose-based gene regulations and metabolic pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC). We compared epigenetic changes of differentially methylated regions (DMR) of genes in colon tissues of 225 colon cancer cases (154 non-obese and 71 obese) and 15 healthy non-obese controls by accessing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. We applied machine-learning-based analytics including generalized regression (GR) as a confirmatory validation model to identify the factors that could contribute to DMRs impacting colon cancer to enhance prediction accuracy. We found that age was a significant predictor in obese cancer patients, both alone (p = 0.003) and interacting with hypomethylated DMRs of ZBTB46, a tumor suppressor gene (p = 0.008). DMRs of three additional genes: HIST1H3I (p = 0.001), an oncogene with a hypomethylated DMR in the promoter region; SRGAP2C (p = 0.006), a tumor suppressor gene with a hypermethylated DMR in the promoter region; and NFATC4 (p = 0.006), an adipocyte differentiating oncogene with a hypermethylated DMR in an intron region, are also significant predictors of cancer in obese patients, independent of age. The genes affected by these DMR could be potential novel biomarkers of colon cancer in obese patients for cancer prevention and progression.

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General insight into cancer: An overview of colorectal cancer (Review)

Cited by 56 publications

References 65 publications

Liquid Biopsy and Artificial Intelligence as Tools to Detect Signatures of Colorectal Malignancies: A Modern Approach in Patient’s Stratification

Liquid Biopsy and Artificial Intelligence as Tools to Detect Signatures of Colorectal Malignancies: A Modern Approach in Patient’s Stratification

Radio Channel Study for Colon Capsule Endoscopy with Low-Band UWB Multiple Antenna System

Obesity-Associated Differentially Methylated Regions in Colon Cancer

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