General Health Qquestionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) sebagai Instrumen Skrinning Gangguan Penyesuaian

Abstract

Abstract. Adjustment Disorder (AD) is a common mental health problem in primary care setting. This study aimed to examine the validity of GHQ-12 as Adjustment Disorder screening instrument in Public Health Center (Puskesmas). The subjects were 243 adult outpatients from twenty five Puskesmas in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The prevalence of AD was 12.9%. A cronbach's Alpha of .863 (likert's scoring method), .841 (bimodal's scoring method), .832 (CGHQ's scoring method) were obtained, Sensitivity and specivity for GHQ-12 were .81 and .62 (for the optimum cut-off point ≥11 in Likert's scoring method), .81 and .57 (for the optimum cut-off point ≥2 in bimodal's scoring method), .81 and .55 (for the optimum cut-off point ≥4 in CGHQ's scoring method). Positive Likelihood Ratio and negative Likelihood Ratio for GHQ-12 were 2.12 and 0.31 (Likert's scoring method), 1.90 and 0.34 (Bimodal's scoring method), and 1.80 and 0.35 (CGHQ's scoring method). The GHQ-12 is valid and reliable in Puskesmas population, and can be employed as a screening instrumen in this population.Keywords: GHQ-12, SCID, adjustment disorder, public health center (puskesmas), validity Abstrak. Gangguan Penyesuaian (GP) banyak dijumpai pada pasien yang datang di layanan kesehatan primer, terutama Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji validitas klinik GHQ-12, sebagai instrumen skrining GP pada pasien Puskesmas. Penelitian ini melibatkan 243 pasien di 25 Puskesmas di Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta. Hasil analisis menunjukkan prevalensi GP di Puskesmas sejumlah 12,9%. Analisis reliabilitas menunjukkan hasil yang memuaskan (rxx ' = 0,863; 0,841; 0,832). Analisis ROC dan LR menghasilkan nilai sensitivitas sebesar 0,81, spesivisitas 0,62, LR+ 2,12, dan LR-0,31, dengan titik potong optimum ≥11 (Likert), sensitivitas 0,81, spesivisitas 0,57, LR+ 1,90, dan LR-0,34, dengan titik potong optimum ≥2 (Bimodal), serta spesivisitas 0,81, spesivisitas 0,55, LR+ 1,80, dan LR-0,35 dengan titik potong ≥4 (CGHQ). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa GHQ-12 valid, reliabel dan akurat sebagai instrumen skrining GP.

Using the GHQ-12 to screen for mental health problems among primary care patients: psychometrics and practical considerations

“…A more recent study examined the validity of the GHQ-12 as a screening tool for Adjustment Disorder in Indonesian primary care setting [39]. This study shows that the GHQ-12 is valid and reliable for use with adjustment disorder, Cronbach's α = 0.863 for Likert scoring and 0.841 for bimodal scoring.…”

Standardized instruments for assessing psychiatric, behavioral, sexual problems, and quality of life in male and female adults with disorders of sex development in Indonesia

“…Conducted in six public health centers in Central Java, cutoff of ≥11 in Likert's scale gave sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 62% and had satisfactory reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 0.863. 14 Overall, this questionnaire is quick, easy to use, and had satisfactory reliability and moderate sensitivity and specificity.…”

“…7 Focused in the dimension of depression and anxiety, HADS is a seven items questionnaire with four-point scale from 0 ("definitely") to 3 ("not at all"). Score cutoff for this instrument was divided into three categories; mild (score 8-10), moderate (11)(12)(13)(14), and severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). 34 This questionnaire is widely used and has been adopted to various language such as Swedish, Chinese, French, Dutch, Portugenese, and Arabic.…”

Urgency of Resilience and Optimism in Improving Students’ Mental Health

“…This instrument reveals the general mental health and has been used in various countries with high reliability and validity values (Fellinger et al, 2005;Kihc et al, 1997). In Indonesia, this 12-GMHQ has been evaluated in many research and can be recommended as a screening instrument in different health facilities (Primasari & Hidayat, 2016). Simultaneously, the resilience was measured using an instrument developed by Remirez (2007).…”