General formula for coupling-loss characterization of single-mode fiber collimators by use of gradient-index rod lenses

Yuan, Shuai; Riza, Nabeel A.

doi:10.1364/ao.38.003214

Cited by 128 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…When the shutters are fully open (i.e., and ), the error functions converge to and 1, respectively, and, thus, is the insertion loss. The form of is exactly the same as the widely used formula of insertion loss in [35] (by taking and in [35,Eq. (34)]).…”

Section: A Attenuation Model Of Asymmetric Dual-shutter Voamentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Tuning Schemes of MEMS Dual-Shutter VOA

Zhang

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2008

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-A dual-shutter MEMS variable optical attenuator (VOA) is designed for advanced tuning functions such as linear attenuation relationship and simultaneous coarse and fine tunings. The mechanism behind is to take advantage of the additional shutter to render one more degree of freedom for attenuation adjustment. Although dual-shutter VOAs with asymmetric functionalities have been reported before, these intrinsic capabilities owing to asymmetry have not been extensively investigated. In experiment, the fabricated VOA device has demonstrated a linear tuning over a 20-dB range with respect to the driving voltage of one shutter, and it has also realized simultaneously coarse tuning (2.5 dB/V) and fine tuning (0.1 dB/V) by the two shutters. Ideally, the tuning can start from any available working point, linear to any controlling parameter, at any slope of linearity, and with any tuning resolution. Theoretical attenuation model has also been developed to provide a roadmap for the VOA design and choice of working point. An interesting finding is that over a certain range the linear attenuation can be obtained by moving a fixed aperture rather than by reducing the aperture size, which greatly relaxes the difficulty of shutter position control. The measured results match well with the theoretical data, implying the possibility of developing a look-up table to locate the shutter positions quickly. The dual-shutter VOA accomplishes these features without the need of high-precision control systems and therefore gives a structure-based rather than a control-system-based solution, clearly advantageous over the previously developed VOAs.

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Section: A Attenuation Model Of Asymmetric Dual-shutter Voamentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Tuning Schemes of MEMS Dual-Shutter VOA

Zhang

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2008

J. Lightwave Technol.

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show abstract

“…The optical design was optimized according to an analytical model of gaussian beams derived from [6] which takes into account fiber mode mismatch, longitudinal shift between the 2 fiber waists (z 0 ), lateral offset (x 1 ) and tilt between the two fibers ().…”

Section: A Optical Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fiber-coupled gas cell for space application

Beruad¹,

Lecallier²,

Thomin³

et al. 2017

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2016

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“…One pair of transmission-type fiber collimators with GRIN lens is inserted inside the gas cell to collimate the laser light. Light loss can be caused by the inside light scattering [18] and coupling error [19], which can result in the splitting ratio B in Eq. 9 greater than 2.…”

Section: Experiments Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-beam wavelength modulation spectroscopy for sensitive detection of water vapor

et al. 2014

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A technique was reported for sensitive detection of water vapor based on dual-beam wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS). Particular attention was focused on the problem of laser power variation (LPV) and residual amplitude modulation (RAM), which accounted for the absorption profile's distortion during application of WMS. Impact from LPV and RAM was eliminated by photocurrent normalization through a balanced ratiometric detector, which was a dual-beam technique with shot noiselevel performance. When consideration of distortion was required, this could enormously simplify the spectra analysis procedure. In the experiment symmetry of the WMS, profile had gotten an improvement by a factor of about 102 compared with traditional single-beam method. During the application test of water vapor detection, the detected amplitude of WMS was well proportional to water vapor concentration ranging from 25 to 1,048 ppmv and the sensitivity was achieved to be 52 ppbv for just a 10-cm optical path length.

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General formula for coupling-loss characterization of single-mode fiber collimators by use of gradient-index rod lenses

Cited by 128 publications

References 11 publications

Asymmetric Tuning Schemes of MEMS Dual-Shutter VOA

Asymmetric Tuning Schemes of MEMS Dual-Shutter VOA

A fiber-coupled gas cell for space application

Dual-beam wavelength modulation spectroscopy for sensitive detection of water vapor

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