General definition of 3D warp interlock fabric architecture

Boussu, François; Cristian, Irina; Nauman, Saad

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.07.013

Cited by 95 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These works showed that the architecture of the reinforcement has a preponderant role on the mechanical properties of the composite.Generally, 3D architectures can be obtained by combining multi-layers of stacked 2D fabric with a through-the-thickness fiber reinforcement, introduced using stitching, z-pining, or tufting technologies [10][11][12]. Another technology is the 3D warp interlock weaving, in which multi-layers of in-plane yarns are bound together by a group of binding warp yarns according to a specific architecture (light blue in Figure 1) [13]. Consequently, in 3D warp interlock weaving, a thick structure is formed without degradation to the in-plane fibers that results from needle insertion through-the-thickness in the stitching and tufting techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development and Multiscale Characterization of 3D Warp Interlock Flax Fabrics with Different Woven Architectures for Composite Applications

Lansiaux

Soulat

Boussu

et al. 2020

Fibers

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Multiscale characterization of the textile preform made of natural fibers is an indispensable way to understand and assess the mechanical properties and behavior of composite. In this study, a multiscale experimental characterization is performed on three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock woven fabrics made of flax fiber on the fiber (micro), roving (meso), and fabric (macro) scales. The mechanical tensile properties of the flax fiber were determined by using the impregnated fiber bundle test. The effect of the twist was considered in the back-calculation of the fiber stiffness to reveal the calculation limits of the rule of mixture. Tensile tests on dry rovings were carried out while considering different twist levels to determine the optimal amount of twist required to weave the flax roving into a 3D warp interlock. Finally, at fabric-scale, six different 3D warp interlock architectures were woven to understand the role of the architecture of binding rovings on the mechanical properties of the dry 3D fabric. The results reveal the importance of considering the properties of the fiber and roving at these scales to determine the more adequate raw material for weaving. Further, the characterization of the 3D woven structures shows the preponderant role of the binding roving on their structural and mechanical properties. Fibers 2020, 8, 15 2 of 14composites. These works showed that the architecture of the reinforcement has a preponderant role on the mechanical properties of the composite.Generally, 3D architectures can be obtained by combining multi-layers of stacked 2D fabric with a through-the-thickness fiber reinforcement, introduced using stitching, z-pining, or tufting technologies [10][11][12]. Another technology is the 3D warp interlock weaving, in which multi-layers of in-plane yarns are bound together by a group of binding warp yarns according to a specific architecture (light blue in Figure 1) [13]. Consequently, in 3D warp interlock weaving, a thick structure is formed without degradation to the in-plane fibers that results from needle insertion through-the-thickness in the stitching and tufting techniques. Moreover, the fiber reinforcement through-the-thickness direction is inserted during the weaving and no further steps are required.ibers 2020, 8,15 2 o

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confidence: 99%

Development and Multiscale Characterization of 3D Warp Interlock Flax Fabrics with Different Woven Architectures for Composite Applications

Lansiaux

Soulat

Boussu

et al. 2020

Fibers

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“…The ratio of 3D (deviated) warp yarns to straight warp yarns was equal to 55%. The present fabric can be defined as a 3D warp interlock A-T 9-5 {5-4} according to the general definition of 3D warp interlock fabric referenced in [18]. Both the warp and the weft yarns were manufactured with carbon HR Tenax-E HTS40 F13 12K 10Z yarns.…”

Section: Interlock 3x Woven Composite Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations and variability considerations on 3D interlock textile composites used in low velocity soft impact loading

Dau

Dano

Duplessis-Kergomard

2016

Composite Structures

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a b s t r a c tThis study investigates the performance of three-dimensional (3-D) woven interlock composite plates subjected to impact loading. Low velocity (lower than 10 mÁs À1 ) impacts with highly deformable rubber impactor are addressed. Response variability is investigated by conducting several impact tests in the same conditions. The effect of mass and velocity on damage tolerance is studied by varying the impact conditions. Force-time, displacement-time and force-displacement curves are first analyzed in such various impact conditions. Secondly, damage mechanisms are highlighted through microscopic observations. The large geometrical deformation of the rubber impactor during impact leads to a loading less localized than for a hard impactor which induces a wide spread damage distribution. Comments on the relations between damage states and mass-velocity conditions are proposed.Crown

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“…They can be produced on conventional looms (Figure 7.8), but the production with multirapier carpet or velvet looms has several advantages, such as higher productivity and lower fibre damage due to less frequent reed beat up. In theory, it is possible to produce each layer with a different weave and, therefore, with different in-plane and out-of-plane fabric properties, which also varies dynamic composite properties (Boussu et al, 2008;Chen and Hearle, 2008). A high number of heddle frames or warp beams or even the use of Jacquard shedding increase the possible fabric complexity (Khokar, 2001).…”

Section: Multilayer Fabricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high number of heddle frames or warp beams or even the use of Jacquard shedding increase the possible fabric complexity (Khokar, 2001). While the interlocking yarns just connect two layers in the LBL weave, they interlock the whole textile from top to bottom in the TTT weave (Chen and Hearle, 2008;Boussu et al, 2008). Multilayer woven fabrics are often differentiated regarding their interlocking yarns system.…”

Section: Multilayer Fabricsmentioning

confidence: 99%