Experimental investigations and variability considerations on 3D interlock textile composites used in low velocity soft impact loading

Dau, Frédéric; Dano, Marie‐Laure; Duplessis-Kergomard, Y.

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.06.034

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, since the past four decades there has been a growing interest in the development of several methods in order to provide through-thickness strength and stiffness to preforms in the three-dimensional (3D) direction using through the thickness reinforcement techniques [5] [6] [7] [8] [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Effect of Tufts Contribution on the In-Plane Mechanical Properties of Flax Fibre Reinforced Green Biocomposite

Rashid

Hanus

Chetehouna

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Traditional laminated composites have fibres oriented only in the in-plane of the laminate due to their manufacturing process, and are therefore very susceptible to transverse cracking and delamination from out-of-plane actions. Delamination can considerably reduce the load bearing capacity of a structure hence several reinforcement solutions, based on the principle to add out-of-plane reinforcement to the 2D fabric, have been explored to enhance the delamination resistance. However, the usual textile technologies for Z-reinforcement such as weaving, knitting, stitching, z-pinning, and tufting generates perturbations that may alter the in-plane mechanical properties. Although tufting is a single needle and single thread based one side stitching (OSS) technique which can incorporate almost tension free through the thickness reinforcement in a material, various types of microstructural defects may be created during the manufacturing process and lead to a degradation of the in-plane properties of the composite. Moreover, due to awareness in environmental concerns, the development and use of eco-friendly biocomposites to replace synthetic ones has been increasing. This research work investigates the effect on in plane mechanical properties of adding through the thickness reinforcement (TTR) by tufting in a flax based composite laminate to improve the transversal strength. The glass fibre tufted laminates of 550 g/m2 flax fibre were moulded using a 38% biobased thermoset resin by vacuum bag resin transfer moulding (VBRTM). The tufted and un-tufted in-plane mechanical properties of green biocomposite were determined in tension, compression and shear in accordance with ASTM 3039, ASTM D7137 and EN ISO 14130, using universal INSTRON 1186 and MTS 20M testing machines. The quantification of the in-plane mechanical properties results established a reduction of the in plane tensile mechanical properties, due to tufting, whereas the reduction effects are marginal in compression. As expected, the glass tufts strength the connection between core and skin of the composite so that the interlaminar shear strength, deduced from flexural tests with small span-to-thickness ratio, is increased, Thanks to Digital Image Correlation (DIC) performed during shear tests an increase in interlaminar shear modulus is highlighted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Effect of Tufts Contribution on the In-Plane Mechanical Properties of Flax Fibre Reinforced Green Biocomposite

Rashid

Hanus

Chetehouna

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The need for affordable composites that have significantly improved through-thickness strength and interlaminar damage tolerance intensified the development of a wide variety of textile preforms [4]. A variety of 3D fibre composites have been developed to overcome some of the problems that are inherent with conventional polymer laminates, such as their low delamination resistance and poor impact damage tolerance [5–8]. Especially the through-thickness fibres, which are given the general term of z-binders, are used to provide 3D fibre composites with higher delamination fracture toughness and impact damage tolerance than conventional laminates [9–11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Through-the-thickness reinforcement for composite structures: A review

Gnaba

Legrand

Wang

et al. 2018

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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Three-dimensional preforms have been developed in order to remedy and minimize the out-of-plane damage caused by 2D structures. Several researches have been done on more complex structures which have more interesting mechanical characteristics through-the-thickness. A wide spectrum of 3D textile technologies encompassing weaving, knitting, stitching, z-pinning, tufting, etc. is used to manufacture through-the-thickness reinforced materials. This kind of reinforcement aims to achieve a balance between the in-plane and out-of-plane properties. Recently, tufting shows more opportunities to develop through-the-thickness reinforcements especially with the advances in devices from manual to fully automatic. In literature, the mechanical behaviour of tufted composites has been one of the main subjects, however, few studies outline the mechanical behaviour of dry tufted fabrics. Dry stage is an essential step to understand the influence of through-the-thickness reinforcement and the formability of multilayer preforms. In this context, the present paper reviews the various technologies of through-the-thickness reinforcement as well as the microstructural defects related to both the impregnation and the kind of reinforcement. Also, this work highlights the mechanical performance of tufted 3D structures at dry and composite scales.

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“…34 The load-time, displacement-time, and load-displacement curves during low-velocity impact allowed to identify a critical threshold energy for the composite material perforation. 35 3D (X-ray tomography) imaging of 3D LL and angle interlock (AI) showed that, higher crack density was found in the angle interlock composite than the LL composite. Transverse cracking is initiated in the fiber-rich regions of weft yarns rather than the resin-rich regions 36 and greatly affected by the void volume fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of influence of interlocking patterns on the mechanical performance of 3D multilayer woven composites

Umair

Hamdani

Asghar

et al. 2018

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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Three-dimensional multilayer woven composites are mostly used in high-performance applications due to their excellent out-of-plane mechanical performance. The current research presents an experimental investigation on the mechanical behavior of three-dimensional orthogonal layer-to-layer interlock composites. The glass filament yarn and carbon tows were used as reinforcement in warp and weft directions respectively, whereas epoxy was used as a resin for composite fabrication. Three different types of orthogonal layer to layer interlock namely warp, weft, and bi-directional interlock composites were fabricated and the effect of interlocking pattern on their mechanical performance was evaluated. The evaluation of the mechanical performance was made on the basis of tensile strength, impact strength, flexural strength, and dynamic mechanical analysis of composites in warp and weft directions. It was found that warp and weft interlock composites showed better tensile behavior as compared to bi-directional interlock composite both in the warp and weft directions, due to the presence of less crimp as compared to the bi-directional interlock composite. However, the bi-directional interlock composite exhibited considerably superior impact strength and three-point bending strength as compared to the other structures under investigation. These superior properties of bi-directional interlock composites were achieved by interlocking points in warp and weft directions simultaneously, creating a more compact and isotropic structure. Tan delta values of dynamic mechanical analysis results showed that bi-directional interlock composite displayed the highest capacity of energy dissipation in the warp and weft directions while weft interlock structures displayed highest storage and loss moduli in the warp direction.

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Experimental investigations and variability considerations on 3D interlock textile composites used in low velocity soft impact loading

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Investigation of the Effect of Tufts Contribution on the In-Plane Mechanical Properties of Flax Fibre Reinforced Green Biocomposite

Investigation of the Effect of Tufts Contribution on the In-Plane Mechanical Properties of Flax Fibre Reinforced Green Biocomposite

Through-the-thickness reinforcement for composite structures: A review

Study of influence of interlocking patterns on the mechanical performance of 3D multilayer woven composites

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