General Corrosion of Copper in Domestic Drinking Water Installations: Scientific Background and Mechanistic Understanding

Merkel, Till; Pehkonen, Simo O.

doi:10.1002/chin.200702221

Cited by 3 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…2004). Subsequent water copper concentration stabilization in the copper corrosion tests may be explained as a consequence of surface passivation that prevents cuprosolvency (Merkel and Pehkonen 2006). The absence of flux and the growing of an immature biofilm may contribute to the stability of passive layers and to minimize particle detachment, as it has been shown that copper release is augmented in ‘blue water’ corrosion by the presence of a copious biofilm under flushing conditions (Calle et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture dependent and independent analyses of bacterial communities involved in copper plumbing corrosion

Pavissich

Vargas

González

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: This study used culture‐dependent and culture‐independent approaches to characterize bacterial communities in copper plumbing corrosion and to assess biofilm formation and copper resistance of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from copper pipes. Methods and Results: Water and copper pipes were collected from a cold‐water household distribution system affected by ‘blue water’ corrosion and presenting biofilm formation. Corrosion‐promoting ageing experiments were performed with conditioned unused copper pipes filled with unfiltered and filtered sampled water as nonsterile and sterile treatments, respectively. During 8 weeks, stagnant water within the pipes was replaced with aerated fresh water every 2 or 3 days. Total copper and pH were determined in sampled water, and copper pipe coupons were cut for microscopic analyses. Biofilms were extracted from field and laboratory pipes, and total DNA was isolated. Bacterial communities’ composition was analysed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) and clonal libraries of 16S rRNA genes. Heterotrophic bacterial isolates were obtained from water and biofilm extracts and characterized in terms of biofilm formation capacity and copper minimum inhibitory concentration. The results indicated that copper concentration in stagnant water from nonsterile treatments was much higher than in sterile treatments and corrosion by‐products structure in coupon surfaces was different. Multivariate analysis of T‐RFLP profiles and clone sequencing showed significant dissimilarity between field and laboratory biofilm communities, and a low richness and the dominant presence of Gamma‐ and Betaproteobacteria in both cases. Several bacterial isolates formed biofilm and tolerated high copper concentrations. Conclusions: The study demonstrates microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) in copper plumbing. Gamma‐ and Betaproteobacteria dominated the corroded copper piping bacterial community, whose ability to form biofilms may be important for bacterial corrosion promotion and survival in MIC events. Significance and Impact of the Study: The characterization of micro‐organisms that influence copper plumbing corrosion has significant implications for distribution system management and copper corrosion control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture dependent and independent analyses of bacterial communities involved in copper plumbing corrosion

Pavissich

Vargas

González

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…However, there is no temperature requirement for performing the test. 81 In a pipe rig temperature study, 36,61 where parallel experiments were performed for the same water at 5, 12 and 18uC, the oxidation of copper was found to be almost independent of temperature (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Influence Of Operational Conditions On Corrosion Processmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…He explained this finding through reference to the observed instability of this solid in the presence of anions, such as sulphate, carbonate or chloride. 36 39]. The recipes given in these references are reproducible and lead to well defined crystalline substances, which can be identified by XRD.…”

Section: Phenomenology Of Corroded Copper Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the end of the experiment, the internal pipe surface was almost completely covered with malachite. When analysing pipe samples of a different set of experiments performed in the same water, but operated at 25uC instead of 12uC, an interesting observation has been made: 36 the atmospheric oxide slowly dissolved at 12uC during the first week of operation and was substituted by a new oxide film, which was formed in the aqueous phase. At 25uC, this dissolution did not take place in the same way, but the oxide film was punctured.…”

Section: Phenomenology Of Corroded Copper Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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General corrosion of copper in domestic drinking water installations: scientific background and mechanistic understanding

Merkel¹,

Pehkonen²

2006

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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The scientific and applied corrosion literature has been reviewed in order to establish the state of the art knowledge on the general corrosion of copper. Based on the evaluation of electrochemical fundamentals of corrosion processes and the chemical composition of solid corrosion byproducts on internal pipe surfaces, major parameters that influence the general corrosion of copper are presented. The current mechanistic understanding and the existing approaches for mathematical modelling are also discussed. General corrosion of copper is a well studied topic, where major parameters have been identified. Future research should concentrate on secondary effects, such as the interaction of organic and inorganic water constituents, and how water treatment influences the physicochemical processes at the solid/liquid boundary.

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“…Metallic copper can form a thin passivating layer of cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) [7,8] for protection against degradation [9]. The thickness, porosity and ability of the passivating layer to conduct ions are properties that affect the progression of corrosion [10][11][12]. Studies have shown that the transformation of cuprous oxide to a more thermodynamically stable and less soluble Page 5 of 38 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 3 material upon exposure to water can be attributed to changes in pH, alkalinity and the presence of certain anions, including sulfate and chloride [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale surface characterization of aqueous copper corrosion: Effects of immersion interval and orthophosphate concentration

Daniels

Sprunger

Kizilkaya

et al. 2013

Applied Surface Science

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General Corrosion of Copper in Domestic Drinking Water Installations: Scientific Background and Mechanistic Understanding

Abstract: ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Culture dependent and independent analyses of bacterial communities involved in copper plumbing corrosion

Culture dependent and independent analyses of bacterial communities involved in copper plumbing corrosion

General corrosion of copper in domestic drinking water installations: scientific background and mechanistic understanding

Nanoscale surface characterization of aqueous copper corrosion: Effects of immersion interval and orthophosphate concentration

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