General corrosion of copper in domestic drinking water installations: scientific background and mechanistic understanding

Merkel, Till; Pehkonen, Simo O.

doi:10.1179/174327806x94009

Cited by 43 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…This study included two vessels: one was made biotic by adding 50 ml of enrichment culture of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and the other abiotic, which was tested as such (Huttunen-Saarivirta et al 2016). Indeed, the accumulation of Cu 2 O on the copper surfaces either alone (Eriksen et al 1989;Bojinov et al 2010;Bech-Nielsen et al 2002;Trachli et al 2002;Kosec et al 2015;Sherif and Park 2005;Merkel and Pehkonen 2006) or with some CuCl (Merkel and Pehkonen 2006;Kear et al 2004) was frequently reported with another suggestion (Kosec et al 2015;Sherif and Park 2005;Merkel and Pehkonen 2006) that the formed CuCl may react more late with water to introduce Cu 2 O.…”

Section: Sem and X-ray Diffraction Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion and scale studies of copper used in Moroccan industrial cooling water systems

Elhousni

Galai

ElKamraoui³

et al. 2017

Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr

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The corrosion and scale behavior of copper in industrial cooling water system were investigated via electrochemical measurements, ionic chromatography, SEM/EDAX, and X-ray diffraction analyses. It was found that the studied water has a corrosion and scale character. The EDAX and XRD analyses indicated that the major corrosion and scale products were the CuO 2 and CaCO 3 , respectively. In addition, the middle Mueller-Hinton test was also employed to evaluate the development of microorganisms for copper in make-up water solution. It is noted that bacterial colonies appeared after immersion of samples in make-up water, indicating that this water develops bacterial colonization. Finally, the influence of some operating parameters on the corrosion and scale rate was studied. It was shown that the scale rate increases with pH, temperature, and the addition of chloride and sulfide ions. It was also found that the corrosion rate increases with temperature and chloride ions and decreases with pH and immersion time.

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Section: Sem and X-ray Diffraction Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion and scale studies of copper used in Moroccan industrial cooling water systems

Elhousni

Galai

ElKamraoui³

et al. 2017

Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr

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“…Corrosion of copper surfaces by water is a process that involves multiple parameters. [27][28][29][30][31] Previously, we studied the effects of phosphates as a function of pH for mitigating the corrosion of copper. 8 Essentially, the previous report provides control experiments as a baseline for designing further studies of different water parameters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pH, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon, and Polyphosphates for the Initial Stages of Water Corrosion of Copper Surfaces Investigated by AFM and NEXAFS

Lewandowski¹,

Lusker²,

LeJeune³

et al. 2011

CheM

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Nanoscale studies at the early stages of the exposure of copper surfaces after systematic treatments in synthesized water solutions can provide useful information about corrosion processes. The corrosion and passivation of copper surfaces as influenced by pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and polyphosphate levels were investigated with nanoscale resolution, to gain insight about changes in surface morphology and the composition of adsorbates. Information regarding the surface morphology after chemical treatment was provided by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the corresponding chemical composition of treated surfaces was obtained with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). Changes in the surface topography of copper samples were readily detected within only 6 to 24 hours of exposure to water solutions. Topographic views of surface changes are presented to compare the growth of adsorbate layers that take place during the evolution of mineral deposits. Slight changes in the pH and concentrations of phosphates in the water samples have a substantial impact on the rate of growth and composition of surface deposits. These studies provide insight on the mechanisms and resulting chemical constituents that lead to surface passivation or corrosion of copper, simulating conditions that occur in water distribution systems.

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“…Copper corrosion during stagnation involves three sub‐processes – copper oxidation (Equation ), dissolution, and precipitation (Equation ) of solid copper compounds . Malachite (CuCO 3 ·Cu(OH) 2 ) is the solid copper phase often encountered in aged copper pipe distribution systems . In order to approach aged copper pipe conditions in the experiments, malachite‐scaled copper pipes were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory-scale study on the effect of silicate on copper pipe corrosion

Nyongbela

Johannsen

2014

Materials and Corrosion

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Silicate in the form of basic silica is used as a copper corrosion inhibitor in drinking water distribution systems. In this work, the effect of silicate on copper pipe corrosion during stagnation was studied. In addition, the effect of silicate and phosphate on copper pipe corrosion was compared. Using a laboratory setup, copper pipe corrosion experiments were performed under controlled pH conditions. Malachite‐scaled copper pipes were used for the corrosion experiments. Each experiment was run for 8 h. The addition of silica into water of pH 6.5 and 7.5 increased the initial release of copper (II) ions into water. As the experiments progressed, small amounts of copper (II) ions were removed from solution by precipitation. Dissolved oxygen was consumed during the process. When phosphate was used as corrosion inhibitor, it initially increased copper (II) ions released in water of pH 6.5. In water of pH 7.5, phosphate reduced the leaching of copper (II) ions. When phosphate and silicate were jointly used as corrosion inhibitors, their combined effect was similar to the effect of phosphate. The silica content of water before and after the experiments did not change. Phosphate was removed from water during the process probably by adsorption on the copper pipe surface.

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General corrosion of copper in domestic drinking water installations: scientific background and mechanistic understanding

Cited by 43 publications

References 73 publications

Corrosion and scale studies of copper used in Moroccan industrial cooling water systems

Corrosion and scale studies of copper used in Moroccan industrial cooling water systems

Impact of pH, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon, and Polyphosphates for the Initial Stages of Water Corrosion of Copper Surfaces Investigated by AFM and NEXAFS

Laboratory-scale study on the effect of silicate on copper pipe corrosion

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