General Characteristics

Milner, Kelsey C.; Rudbach, Jon A.; Ribi, Edgar

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-046504-0.50007-3

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 274 publications

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“…of the LPS (endotoxin) of the meningococci (10) as well as other Gram-negative bacteria (14). The results of these analyses (Table II) indicate that 18 % of the total KDO of the culture was present as cell wall blebs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

RELEASE OF ENDOTOXIN IN THE FORM OF CELL WALL BLEBS DURING IN VITRO GROWTH OF NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS

DeVoe

Gilchrist

1973

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

281

154

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Multiple cell wall blebs were observed on the surface of three strains of N. meningitidis taken from log phase cultures. The blebs originated as evaginations of the outer layer of the cell wall. Bleb production was noted on both defined or complex media either as broth or a solid medium. The addition of 10% normal bovine serum to the various media did not affect the production and release of these surface blebs. However, as broth cultures progressed into the stationary phase of growth, the blebs disappeared from the surface of the cells. Blebs were present in substantial quantities in culture supernatant fluids and on cell surfaces and were readily isolated by ultracentrifugation. Analysis for 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate in cultures revealed that 18% of the total endotoxin of log phase cultures was present in blebs from the cell wall.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

RELEASE OF ENDOTOXIN IN THE FORM OF CELL WALL BLEBS DURING IN VITRO GROWTH OF NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS

DeVoe

Gilchrist

1973

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

281

154

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“…Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the enzyme is dramatically induced in the mouse lung after a single intraperitoneal injection of bacterial endotoxin (8). Endotoxin, the lipopolysaccharide fraction (LPS) obtained from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, is an inflammatory agent and induces nonspecific immune responses (9). The effect appeared to be specific for the pulmonary IDO activity because in all other tissues tested no significant increase in the enzyme activity was observed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in mouse lung during virus infection.

Yoshida¹,

Urade²,

Tokuda³

et al. 1979

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

194

128

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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase [indoleamine: oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)] activity in the supernatant fraction (30,000 X g, 30 min) of mouse lung homogenate increased approximately 120-fold after infection with PR8 influenza virus. Both specific and total enzyme activities started to increase linearly from the 5th day after infection, reached the highest level around the 11th day, and then gradually decreased to normal values in about 3 weeks. Other enzymes in the lung, such as certain lysosomal enzymes and monoamine oxidase, did not change significantly throughout the experiments. The time course of the increase in the enzyme activity was quite different from that of virus replication in the lung (a peak by the 3rd day and persistence until the 9th day) or that of serum antibody content (started to rise on the 9th day). Rather, it appeared to be closely related to the infiltrations of mononuclear and lymphocytic cells. When mice were exposed to a higher dose of virus and did not recuperate, the time course of the increase of the enzyme activity was essentially identical to that seen with a low concentration of virus. A maximum stimulation of the enzyme activity in the lung occurred on the 9th day after infection; the increase was approximately 100-fold. However, serum antibody content was slight and virus titer in the lung remained high. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase [IDO; indoleamine:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)] is a heme-containing enzyme (1) that catalyzes the incorporation of the superoxide anion as well as molecular oxygen (2, 3) into the pyrrole moiety of various indoleamine derivatives, such as tryptophan and serotonin (4,5). In contrast to tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, which catalyzes a similar reaction but is present exclusively in the liver (6), IDO is ubiquitously distributed in various organs of mammals, including brain, lung, spleen, alimentary canal, and epididymis (7), but its biological significance is not yet clearly understood. Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the enzyme is dramatically induced in the mouse lung after a single intraperitoneal injection of bacterial endotoxin (8). Endotoxin, the lipopolysaccharide fraction (LPS) obtained from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, is an inflammatory agent and induces nonspecific immune responses (9). The effect appeared to be specific for the pulmonary IDO activity because in all other tissues tested no significant increase in the enzyme activity was observed. In order to determine whether or not the pulmonary IDO activity is altered by specific infection of the lung, mice were exposed to PR8 influenza virus. In this paper, we report that the pulmonary IDO activity was increased more than 100-fold around the 11th day after virus infection. The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.

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“…When judged by the primary antibody response to a single injection, LPS has usually been found to be weakly immunogenic to mice and markedly so to rabbits. However, mice often make spectacular secondary responses to properly spaced doses of LPS [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immunological activities of CPS-K clarified to date resemble qualitatively those of LPS, although quantitatively CPS-K exhibits more potent immunological activities than LPS [8,15]. Among the host-reactive properties of LPS, the lethality, pyrogenicity and dermal Shwartzman phenomenon are the most widely studied [11]. The purpose of this study is to compare the intensity of the biological activities of neutral CPS-K and LPS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvant Action of Capsular Polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae on Antibody Response

Kato

Nakashima

Ohta

1976

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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The neutral fraction (neutral CPS-K) of Klebsiella pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide (CPS-K) from type 1, Kasuya strain, has already been reported as the active substance responsible for the strong adjuvant effect of CPS-K. The present results demonstrate that neutral CPS-K exhibits further common biological activities with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Salmonella enteritidis. The intensity of the lethality in mice of neutral CPS-K by the intraperitoneal route is very similar to that of LPS. Its lethality for mice by the intravenous (i.v.) route is significantly stronger than that of LPS , because the degree of increase in the sensitivity to their lethality by i.v. challenge is smaller for LPS than for neutral CPS-K. The intensity of the pyrogenicity of neutral CPS-K in rabbits is approximately one-tenth of that of LPS as judged by the minimal pyrogenic doses and fever indices. The skinpreparatory potency of neutral CPS-K for the dermal Shwartzman phenomenon in rabbits is also approximately one-tenth of that of LPS compared on the basis of the minimal skin-preparatory doses. When injected i.v., neutral CPS-K exhibits a provocative effect on hemorrhagic reactions in skin sites prepared with neutral CPS-K or LPS.

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General Characteristics

Cited by 33 publications

References 274 publications

RELEASE OF ENDOTOXIN IN THE FORM OF CELL WALL BLEBS DURING IN VITRO GROWTH OF NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS

RELEASE OF ENDOTOXIN IN THE FORM OF CELL WALL BLEBS DURING IN VITRO GROWTH OF NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS

Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in mouse lung during virus infection.

Adjuvant Action of Capsular Polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae on Antibody Response

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