Adjuvant Action of Capsular Polysaccharide of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> on Antibody Response

Kato, Naoya; Nakashima, Izumi; Ohta, Michio

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1976.tb00972.x

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Diffraction data were collected at 20°C by using a Weissenberg camera, which was specially designed by Sakabe (51) (44). For elicitation of the dermal Shwartzman reaction, essentially the same procedure described previously (28) (45). Density determinations of LPS crystals by using CsCl solutions in water were also performed simultaneously with density determinations by using metrizamide solutions, because the density of S. minnesota Re LPS determined with CsCl was previously reported (10).…”

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Crystallization of R-form lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella minnesota and Escherichia coli

et al. 1990

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SalmoneUa minnesota Re and Ra lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and Escherichia coli K-12 LPS formed three-dimensional crystals, either hexagonal plates (preferential growth along the a axis) or solid columns (preferential growth along the c axis), when they were precipitated by the addition of 2 volumes of 95% ethanol containing 375 mM MgCl2 and incubated in 70% ethanol containing 250 mM MgCl2 at 4TC for 10 days.Analyses of crystals suggested that they consist of hexagonal lattices with the a axis (a side of the lozenge as a unit cell on the basal plane) of 0.462 nm for all these three kinds of LPSs and the c axes (perpendicular to the basal plane) of 5. 85, 8.47, and 8.75 nm for S. minnesota Re and Ra LPSs and E. coli K-12 LPS, respectively, and that hydrocarbon chains of the lipid A portion play the leading part in crystallization, whereas the hydrophilic part of the lipid A (the disaccharide backbone) and R core exhibit a disordered structure or are in a random orientation. The phenomenon of doubling of the a axis to 0.924 nm was observed with crystals of S.minnesota Re LPS when they were incubated in 70% ethanol for an additional 180 days, but not with crystals of S. minnesota Ra LPS or E. coli K-12 LPS. S. minnesota S-form LPS possessing the 0-antigen-specific polysaccharide and S. minnesota free lipid A obtained by acid hydrolysis of Re LPS did not crystallize under the same experimental conditions. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and consists of the polysaccharide (O antigen) which is linked to the R core consisting of oligosaccharide, which in turn is linked to the lipid portion termed lipid A (49). LPS strongly elicits a variety of host reactivities through interactions with humoral and cellular factors of the host. It has been widely accepted that the lipid A portion is mostly responsible for the biological activities of LPS (14,17,47), although the polysaccharide or the R core can modify the strength of action in some biological activities. Recently, studies on the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity of lipid A components have progressed greatly, since synthetic preparations of lipid A components and related compounds have been available (16,18,20,22,23,26,32,33,46). Although several studies have been done on the three-dimensional structure of LPS (4,10,11,34,35,39,40,56) and a schematic model of LPS has been proposed (34), the conformation of LPS has not been determined conclusively. We have found (29-31) that certain of the R-form LPSs form ordered two-dimensional hexagonal structures in the presence of MgCl2. During the experiments, we noticed that R-form LPSs from Salmonella minnesota and Escherichia coli K-12 form three-dimensional crystals when they are precipitated by the addition of 2 volumes of 95% ethanol containing 375 mM MgCl2 and suspended in 70% ethanol containing 250 mM MgCl2 and incubated at 4°C. We present here analyses of crystals of these R-form LPSs. This report is the first one that has de...

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Crystallization of R-form lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella minnesota and Escherichia coli

et al. 1990

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“…Preparatory potencies for the dermal Shwartzman reaction were determined as one of the endotoxic activities. The procedure was essentially the same as described previously (3). In brief, rabbits weighing 2 kg were injected with graded doses of the preparations to be tested intracutaneously (the preparatory injection).…”

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Electron Microscopic Observation of Crystals of Escherichia coli K‐12 Lipopolysaccharide

Kato

Ohta

Kido

et al. 1990

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…The chemical composition of neutral CPS-K was distinct from LPS (1 1 ) , and neutral CPS-K was also antigenically distinct from the O antigen (11). However, some biological activities of neutral CPS-K qualitatively resembled those of LPS (5,6,10), although the former exhibited much more potent immunological activities quantitatively than the latter (10). The fact that the lethal and interferon responsiveness to neutral CPS-K was enhanced in BCG-infected mice as markedly as that to LPS provides more evidence to show the similarity of biological properties between neutral CPS-K and LPS.…”

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confidence: 77%

Interferon and Cytotoxic Factor (Cytotoxin) Released in the Blood of Mice Infected with Mycobacterium bovis BĆG

Kato

Nakashima

Ohta

et al. 1979

Microbiology and Immunology

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Interferon production stimulated by the active substance (neutral fraction) of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (neutral CPS-K) in BCGinfected mice was compared with that by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Prior infection with BCG increased the responsiveness of mice to the lethal effect of neutral CPS-K as well as to that of LPS. Associated with this, BCG-infected mice showed a markedly enhanced ability to produce interferon after stimulation not only by LPS but also by neutral CPS-K. In addition, a cytotoxic factor (cytotoxin) was found to be released in the serum of BCG-infected mice after injection of these inducers. The kinetics of production of interferon and cytotoxin stimulated by neutral CPS-K were very similar to those stimulated by LPS. The time pattern of cytotoxin production was not in parallel with that of interferon production. Interferon reached a peak 2 hr and cytotoxin 3 hr after injection with these inducers. Interferon and cytotoxin produced by neutral CPS-K showed essentially the same stabilities to heating at 56 C and to treatment at pH 2 respectively as those produced by LPS. Interferon was inactivated by heating at 56 C more rapidly than cytotoxin. Cytotoxin was inactivated by treatment at pH 2 for 24 hr, whereas interferon activity was well preserved after this treatment. These results suggest that both activities are the result of different substances.Previously we showed that the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPS-K) induced interferon production in the circulation of mice when injected intravenously and the time pattern of interferon production by CPS-K resembled that by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with peak levels 2 hr after injection, and the active substance responsible for the interferon-inducing activity was neutral CPS-K which was antigenically distinct from the O antigen and from acidic CPS-K (the type-specific capsular antigen) (5). It was known that prior infection with

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Adjuvant Action of Capsular Polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae on Antibody Response

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Crystallization of R-form lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella minnesota and Escherichia coli

Crystallization of R-form lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella minnesota and Escherichia coli

Electron Microscopic Observation of Crystals of Escherichia coli K‐12 Lipopolysaccharide

Interferon and Cytotoxic Factor (Cytotoxin) Released in the Blood of Mice Infected with Mycobacterium bovis BĆG

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