General Anesthetics on Immune System Cytokines: A Narrative Review Article

Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Hadavi, Maryam; Hassanshahi, Gholamhossein; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Vazirinejad, Reza

doi:10.5812/aapm.103033

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…The dynamic changes in PBMCs during the perioperative period differed according to the route of anaesthesia. The effect of different anaesthetics on immunity has been the focus of substantial body of anaesthesiology research 32,33 . Studies have been conducted on patients’ immune status 34–36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of different anaesthetics on immunity has been the focus of substantial body of anaesthesiology research. 32 , 33 Studies have been conducted on patients’ immune status. 34 , 35 , 36 Other investigation has explored whether anaesthesia can inhibit the immune response of patients with cancer, thereby affecting their long‐term outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An atlas of dynamic peripheral blood mononuclear cell landscapes in human perioperative anaesthesia/surgery

Wang

Chang

Zhu

et al. 2022

Clinical & Translational Med

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Background The number of patients receiving anaesthesia is increasing, but the impact of general anaesthesia on the patient's immune system remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate dynamics of systemic immune cell responses to anaesthesia during perioperative period at a single‐cell solution. Methods The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and clinical phenomes were harvested and recorded 1 day before anaesthesia and operation, just after anaesthesia (0 h), and 24 and 48 h after anaesthesia. Single‐cell sequencing of PBMCs was performed with 10× genomics. Subsequently, data analysis was performed with R packages: Seurat, clusterProfiler and CellPhoneDB. Results We found that the cluster of CD56+ NK cells changed at 0 h and the cluster of monocytes increased at 24 and 48 h after anaesthesia. The characteristic genes of CD56+ NK cells were mainly enriched in the Jak‐STAT signalling pathway and in cell adhesion molecules (24 h) and carbon metabolism (48 h). The communication between CD14+ monocytes and other cells decreased substantially 0 and 48 h after operation. The number of plasma cells enriched in protein export in men was substantially higher than that in women, although the total number in patients decreased 24 h after operation. CD14+ monocytes dominated that cell‐cell communications appeared in females, while CD8+ NKT cells dominated that cell‐cell communications appeared in male. The number of plasma cells increased substantially in patients with major surgical trauma, with enrichments of pentose phosphate pathway. The communications between plasma cells with other cells varied between surgical severities and anaesthetic forms. The intravenous anaesthesia caused major alterations of cell types, including CD14+ monocytes, plasmas cells and MAIT cells, as compared with inhalation anaesthesia. Conclusion We initially reported the roles of perioperative anaesthesia/surgery in temporal phenomes of circulating immune cells at a single‐cell solution. Thus, the protection against immune cell changes would benefit the recovery from anaesthesia/surgery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An atlas of dynamic peripheral blood mononuclear cell landscapes in human perioperative anaesthesia/surgery

Wang

Chang

Zhu

et al. 2022

Clinical & Translational Med

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“…Similarly, in a study by Zura et al ( 20 ), IL-6 was elevated in both GA and SA groups for transurethral resection of the prostate (without any significant differences), which may indicate the lower level of tissue damage in this type of procedure. GA appears to have little effect on the immune system in healthy cases and patients undergoing short-term minor surgeries; in other words, changes in the immune system are associated with major surgeries ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of General Anesthesia Versus Spinal Anesthesia on Serum Cytokine Release After Cesarean Section: A Randomized Clinical Trial

et al. 2021

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Background: Tissue damage caused by major surgery, such as cesarean section, may lead to a poor host immune response and excessive release of cytokines. These responses may increase the risk of infection, cause postoperative pain, and exert damaging effects on various body organs. Objectives: Anesthesia methods may affect cytokine production after surgery. This study aimed to compare the serum levels of cytokines in general and spinal anesthesia among women undergoing cesarean section. Methods: Thirty parturients (ASA class I and II) undergoing cesarean section were randomly assigned into two equal groups of spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia. Blood samples were taken for measuring the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) before induction of anesthesia and 30 minutes after entering the recovery room. Results: In the general anesthesia group, the postoperative serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher than the corresponding preoperative levels. Significant differences were found between the two groups in the preoperative and postoperative levels of TNF-α. Changes in the IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in the general anesthesia group as compared to the spinal anesthesia group. However, there was no significant difference in the IL-6:IL-10 and TNF-α: IL-10 ratios between the two groups. Conclusions: General anesthesia, as compared to spinal anesthesia, significantly increased the IL-6 and TNF-α levels after cesarean section. Therefore, the spinal anesthesia technique may be a better option for patients undergoing cesarean section.

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“…ese effects on immune cells, including T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and leukocytes, were investigated [27,28]. e results of the present study showed that the mean serum level of hs-CRP in patients of both studied groups had no significant difference; however, the mean serum hs-CRP level changes during the study period showed significant difference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Secretion of proinflammatory (IL-6, Il-8, IL-1, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines was influenced by anesthesia. General anesthesia affects the levels of interferon Gamma (IFN-c) and TNF-α [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison of Inflammatory Cytokines between Spinal and General Anesthesia following Changes in Ischemic Reperfusion due to Tourniquet during Lower Limb Surgery

Ganjifard

Kouzegaran

Abdi

et al. 2021

Advances in Orthopedics

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Background and Objective. The injuries caused by reperfusion of blood can lead to significant adverse effects after surgery. This study aimed to compare the effects of spinal and general anesthesia on inflammatory cytokines following changes in ischemic reperfusion due to tourniquet in lower limb surgeries. Methods. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 34 patients with lower limb surgery admitted at the orthopedic ward of Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand, Iran, were selected by the available sampling method. They were randomly divided into two groups as follows: general anesthesia (n = 17) and spinal anesthesia (n = 17). Venous blood samples were taken from the patients of both groups at baseline (before the use of tourniquet) and 12 and 24 hours after reperfusion. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrotizing factor-α (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and ferritin were measured and recorded. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square, and repeated measure at the significant level of 0.05. Results. The results showed that hs-CRP and IL-6 significantly increased during the study ( p < 0.001 ); however, the mean changes of TNF-α and ferritin were not significant during the study. Moreover, none of the inflammatory cytokines indicated significant differences between these two study groups ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. According to the results, the use of tourniquet can lead to inflammation, and the inflammation is similar in both groups.

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General Anesthetics on Immune System Cytokines: A Narrative Review Article

Cited by 21 publications

References 73 publications

An atlas of dynamic peripheral blood mononuclear cell landscapes in human perioperative anaesthesia/surgery

An atlas of dynamic peripheral blood mononuclear cell landscapes in human perioperative anaesthesia/surgery

Effects of General Anesthesia Versus Spinal Anesthesia on Serum Cytokine Release After Cesarean Section: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The Comparison of Inflammatory Cytokines between Spinal and General Anesthesia following Changes in Ischemic Reperfusion due to Tourniquet during Lower Limb Surgery

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