General anaesthetic action in the invertebrate central nervous system

Judge, Susan E.

doi:10.1016/0306-3623(80)90095-6

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thiopentone, etomidate, minaxolone and ketamine all reversibly depressed a chloride-dependent inhibitory response to ACh in a dose-dependent manner, supporting the view that these anesthetics act postsynaptically on receptor coupled ionophores (Judge et al, 1979; Judge, 1980; Judge and Norman, 1980). A group of three or four neurons isolated from the right parietal ganglion of Lymnaea , lateral to the light-yellow cells have nicotinic acetylcholine receptors against which McKenzie et al (1995) tested 31 general anesthetics, observing their half maximum inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ).…”

Section: Actions Of Clinical Anesthetics On Gastropod Molluscsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Sense and Insensibility – An Appraisal of the Effects of Clinical Anesthetics on Gastropod and Cephalopod Molluscs as a Step to Improved Welfare of Cephalopods

et al. 2018

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Recent progress in animal welfare legislation stresses the need to treat cephalopod molluscs, such as Octopus vulgaris, humanely, to have regard for their wellbeing and to reduce their pain and suffering resulting from experimental procedures. Thus, appropriate measures for their sedation and analgesia are being introduced. Clinical anesthetics are renowned for their ability to produce unconsciousness in vertebrate species, but their exact mechanisms of action still elude investigators. In vertebrates it can prove difficult to specify the differences of response of particular neuron types given the multiplicity of neurons in the CNS. However, gastropod molluscs such as Aplysia, Lymnaea, or Helix, with their large uniquely identifiable nerve cells, make studies on the cellular, subcellular, network and behavioral actions of anesthetics much more feasible, particularly as identified cells may also be studied in culture, isolated from the rest of the nervous system. To date, the sorts of study outlined above have never been performed on cephalopods in the same way as on gastropods. However, criteria previously applied to gastropods and vertebrates have proved successful in developing a method for humanely anesthetizing Octopus with clinical doses of isoflurane, i.e., changes in respiratory rate, color pattern and withdrawal responses. However, in the long term, further refinements will be needed, including recordings from the CNS of intact animals in the presence of a variety of different anesthetic agents and their adjuvants. Clues as to their likely responsiveness to other appropriate anesthetic agents and muscle relaxants can be gained from background studies on gastropods such as Lymnaea, given their evolutionary history.

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Section: Actions Of Clinical Anesthetics On Gastropod Molluscsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Sense and Insensibility – An Appraisal of the Effects of Clinical Anesthetics on Gastropod and Cephalopod Molluscs as a Step to Improved Welfare of Cephalopods

et al. 2018

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“…10,16,24 The mechanism of action is not fully known but is likely multifactorial. 19 In mollusks, alcohol inhibits neuronal sodium and calcium channels. 21 In crustaceans, there is evidence of neuromuscular junction depression of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…21 In crustaceans, there is evidence of neuromuscular junction depression of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials. 3,19 Alcohol is cost-effective and easily available. The AVMA Guidelines recommend using 1% to 5% ethanol as the first step in a 2-step euthanasia process and suggest that concentrations above 70% should be used only as a second-step solution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%