Anesthesia and Euthanasia of Brine Shrimp (<i>Artemia franciscana</i>)

Darbyshire, Amanda; Oliver, Kendra H.; Dupont, William D.; Plummer, W. Dale; Jones, Carissa P; Boyd, Kelli L.

doi:10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000040

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Thus, the final concentration of residual alcohol in each well was 0.07%, not enough to promote biological effects on the brine shrimps. 63 4. Analysis of hatching rate and nauplii viability After 24 and 48 hours, each well was observed using a digital pen microscope (Digital Microscope with Zoom 1000x R Camera 2.0 Mega Pixels USB 6 Leds, Beijing, China), and data were recorded (AMCAP, Beijing, China) on a computer (Yoga520, Lenovo, Brazil) for counting of hatched/non-hatched cysts.…”

Section: Hatching Of Artemia Salina Cystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioresilience to Mercury Chloride of the Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina after Treatment with Homeopathic Mercurius Corrosivus

et al. 2021

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Introduction Finding solutions to mitigate the impact of pollution on living systems is a matter of great interest. Homeopathic preparations of toxic substances have been described in the literature as attenuation factors for intoxication. Herein, an experimental study using Artemia salina and mercury chloride was developed as a model to identify aspects related to bioresilience. Aims The aim of the study was to describe the effects of homeopathic Mercurius corrosivus (MC) on Artemia salina cysts hatching and on mercury bioavailability. Methods Artemia salina cysts were exposed to 5.0 µg/mL of mercury chloride during the hatching phase. MC potencies (6cH, 30cH, and 200cH) were prepared in sterile purified water and poured into artificial sea water. Different controls were used (non-challenged cysts and challenged cysts treated with water, succussed water, and Ethilicum 1cH). Four series of nine experiments were performed to evaluate the percentage of cyst hatching. Soluble total mercury (THg) levels and precipitated mercury content were also evaluated. Solvatochromic dyes were used to check for eventual physicochemical markers of MC biological activity. Results Significant delay (p < 0.0001) in cyst hatching was observed only after treatment with MC 30cH, compared with controls. This result was associated with an increase of THg concentration in water (p = 0.0018) and of chlorine/oxygen ratio (p < 0.0001) in suspended micraggregates, suggesting changes in mercury bioavailability. A specific interaction of MC 30cH with the solvatochromic dye ET33 (p = 0.0017) was found. Conclusion Changes in hatching rate and possible changes in Hg bioavailability are postulated as protective effects of MC 30cH on Artemia salina, by improving its natural bioresilience processes.

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Section: Hatching Of Artemia Salina Cystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioresilience to Mercury Chloride of the Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina after Treatment with Homeopathic Mercurius Corrosivus

et al. 2021

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“…Ethanol (40% and 60%) produced anesthesia in Artemia franciscana , but the time to anesthesia varied among treatment groups, and exposure resulted in an increase in abnormal behavior [ 54 ]. Hence, these authors did not recommend the use of ethanol to induce anesthesia in A. franciscana .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tricaine Methane Sulfate (MS 222), which is widely used as an anesthetic in fish, has been tested in 21 species of crustaceans with varying results. Concentrations between 0.5 to 2000 mg·L −1 produced anesthesia in A. franciscana , Diaptomus spp., Limnocalanus macrurus , Diacyclops bicuspidatus , Eucypris virens , Corophium volutator , Echinogammarus obtusatus , G. pulex , Crangon septemspinosa , Hemigrapsus nudus , Petrolisthes cinctipes , and Pugettia producta with an induction time of 30–90 min [ 20 , 44 , 45 , 54 , 76 , 81 , 82 , 128 ]. The recovery time ranged from 9 to 90 min, determined primarily by the anesthetic bath concentration rather than the duration of exposure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to Induce Analgesia and Anesthesia in Crustaceans: A Supportive Decision Tool

Rotllant

Llonch

García

et al. 2023

Biology

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Methods to induce analgesia and anesthesia for research purposes, handling, transport, or stunning have been used in 71 species of crustaceans. A non-systematic literature search was conducted on crustacean anesthetic methods. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of drugs and non-chemical methods used to provide analgesia and anesthesia in many crustacean species rather than just decapod crustaceans. This information allows users to select an appropriate method or agent for their species of interest. We prepared an on-line tool based on datasette, a no-code open-source solution for simple web-based database frontends that allows exploration and downloading data by method, analgesic/anesthetic, species, life stage, or sex, as well as other data including environmental conditions (temperature, salinity, light), route of administration, dosage, and induction and recovery times. These values can be selected to filter the dataset and export it to CSV or JSON formats. Currently, several techniques and chemicals are, in our opinion, unsuitable for use as anesthetics in crustaceans, and the basis for these opinions are presented. Given the evidence of a pain-like experience in crustaceans, we propose that researchers should treat crustaceans humanely, applying the principles of good handling, care, and the management of stress and pain to safeguard their welfare.

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“…Several techniques have been shown to be effective for immobilizing invertebrates. Chemical agents such as isoflurane, carbon dioxide, tricaine and benzocaine have been shown to be effective anesthesia agents, but ethanol is more cost-effective and readily available [ [13] , [14] , [15] ]. Low concentration ethanol solutions (<10%) have previously been used to anesthetize some terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates but not Collembola [ 15 – 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical agents such as isoflurane, carbon dioxide, tricaine and benzocaine have been shown to be effective anesthesia agents, but ethanol is more cost-effective and readily available [ [13] , [14] , [15] ]. Low concentration ethanol solutions (<10%) have previously been used to anesthetize some terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates but not Collembola [ 15 – 17 ]. The induction of chill comas to invertebrates is another simple and cost-effective method to temporarily immobilize invertebrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved methods for quantifying soil invertebrates during ecotoxicological tests: Chill comas and anesthetics

Pang

Nicol

Rutter

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Anesthesia and Euthanasia of Brine Shrimp (Artemia franciscana)

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Bioresilience to Mercury Chloride of the Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina after Treatment with Homeopathic Mercurius Corrosivus

Bioresilience to Mercury Chloride of the Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina after Treatment with Homeopathic Mercurius Corrosivus

Methods to Induce Analgesia and Anesthesia in Crustaceans: A Supportive Decision Tool

Improved methods for quantifying soil invertebrates during ecotoxicological tests: Chill comas and anesthetics

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