Methods to Induce Analgesia and Anesthesia in Crustaceans: A Supportive Decision Tool

Rotllant, Guiomar; Llonch, Pol; García, José A.; Chic, Óscar; Flecknell, Paul; Sneddon, Lynne U.

doi:10.3390/biology12030387

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…This study did not require ethical approval. Animals were sacrificed by freezing in order to lower metabolic rates in a humane way and minimize suffering ( Yue, 2008 , Rotlant et al, 2023 ). We reduced the need for animal sacrifice in this study by using digital samples for interspecific comparisons, and by using samples that had been collected previously for other studies for each of the intraspecific comparisons.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting diet in brachyuran crabs using external morphology

Quezada-Villa

Cannizzo

Carver

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Morphological traits have often been used to predict diet and trophic position of species across many animal groups. Variation in gut size of closely related animals is known to be a good predictor of dietary habits. Species that are more herbivorous or that persist on low-quality diets often have larger stomachs than their carnivorous counterparts. This same pattern exists in crabs and in most species, individuals exhibit external markings on the dorsal side of their carapace that appear to align with the position and size of their gut. We hypothesized that these external markings could be used as an accurate estimate of the crab’s cardiac stomach size, allowing an approximation of crab dietary strategies without the need to sacrifice and dissect individual animals. We used literature values for mean diet and standardized external gut size markings taken from crab photographs across 50 species to show that percent herbivory in the diet increases non-linearly across species of brachyuran crab with the external estimate of gut size. We also used data from dissections in four species to show that external gut markings were positively correlated with gut sizes, though the strength of this correlation differed across species. We conclude that when rough approximations of diet quality such as percent herbivory will suffice, measuring external carapace markings in crabs presents a quick, free, non-lethal alternative to dissections. Our results also provide important insights into tradeoffs that occur in crab morphology and have implications for crab evolution.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting diet in brachyuran crabs using external morphology

Quezada-Villa

Cannizzo

Carver

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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“…The second observation period occurred about 6-11 min after the application of benzocaine. Future experiments on benzocaine or other local anaesthetics should test over different durations to establish the timing of aversive and anaesthetic properties [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Caustic Soda and Benzocaine on Directed Grooming to the Eyestalk in the Glass Prawn, Palaemon elegans, Are Consistent with the Idea of Pain in Decapods

Barr,

Elwood

2024

Animals

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Acceptance of the possibility of pain in animals usually requires that various criteria are fulfilled. One such criterion is that a noxious stimulus or wound would elicit directed rubbing or grooming at the site of the stimulus. There is also an expectation that local anaesthetics would reduce these responses to damage. These expectations have been fulfilled in decapod crustaceans but there has been criticism of a lack of replication. Here, we report an experiment on the effects of a noxious chemical, sodium hydroxide, applied to one eyestalk of the glass prawn. This caused an immediate escape tail-flick response. It then caused nipping and picking with the chelipeds at the treated eyestalk but much less so at the alternative eyestalk. Prior treatment with benzocaine also caused an immediate tail-flick and directed behaviour, suggesting that this agent is aversive. Subsequently, however, it reduced the directed behaviour caused by caustic soda. We thus demonstrated responses that are consistent with the idea of pain in decapod crustaceans.

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“…Shrimp weights were measured at 3‐week intervals and all the shrimp in each tank were counted and individually weighed at the end of the 53‐day trial to calculate weight gain (WG), feed utilization efficiency, and survival. Six shrimp per tank (18 shrimps per dietary treatment) were randomly captured from each tank and anesthetized in ice‐cold water (Hasanthi & Lee, 2023; Rotllant et al, 2023). Hemolymph was collected from each shrimp and mixed with Alsever's solution (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) by 1:2 (v/v).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary supplementation of Achyranthes aspera extract on growth performance, digestibility, innate immunity, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei

Medagoda

Yun³

et al. 2023

J World Aquaculture Soc

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A supplemental effect of Achyranthes aspera extract (200 mg/kg phytosterol) in diets was evaluated for Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) on growth performance, digestibility, innate immunity, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A fish meal and soybean meal‐based control diet (Con; protein 38.0% and lipid 8.7%) was formulated and five other diets were prepared by adding A. aspera extract into Con diet to be 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg phytosterol/kg concentration (designated as P05, P10, P20, P40, and P80, respectively). Three replicate groups of 30 shrimp (initial body weight, 0.40 ± 0.001 g) per diet were randomly assigned into 18 acrylic tanks (240 L) and fed one of the diets for 53 days. The growth performance and feed utilization efficiency were significantly higher in shrimp fed P20 and P80 diets than in shrimp fed Con and P10 diets. The dietary phytosterol supplementation improved non‐specific immune response, antioxidant capacity, and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein of shrimp. The IGF‐binding protein gene expression was also upregulated with dietary phytosterol supplementation. During the challenge test, the disease resistance of shrimp was significantly enhanced against V. parahaemolyticus when shrimp were fed P20 diet. These results indicate that A. aspera extract could be used as a functional feed additive for the improvements in the growth performance, feed efficiency, innate immunity, antioxidant capacity, digestibility, and disease resistance of the shrimp. The optimum dietary inclusion level of the phytosterol seems to be 0.2–0.4 mg/kg diet.

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Methods to Induce Analgesia and Anesthesia in Crustaceans: A Supportive Decision Tool

Cited by 7 publications

References 153 publications

Predicting diet in brachyuran crabs using external morphology

Predicting diet in brachyuran crabs using external morphology

The Effects of Caustic Soda and Benzocaine on Directed Grooming to the Eyestalk in the Glass Prawn, Palaemon elegans, Are Consistent with the Idea of Pain in Decapods

Effects of dietary supplementation of Achyranthes aspera extract on growth performance, digestibility, innate immunity, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei

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