Genealogical Pedigrees of Japanese Wheat Cultivars

Fukunaga, K.; Inagaki, M.

doi:10.1270/jsbbs1951.35.89

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…These findings suggest that the Ppd-D1a genotype of the Hokkaido cultivar has another genetic mechanism for late heading. Although this mechanism is unknown, foreign wheat cultivars have been introduced from Europe and the United States for breeding with Hokkaido cultivars ( Fukunaga and Inagaki 1985 , Hoshino et al . 2001 ); thus, the genetic background of Hokkaido cultivars is considered different from that of wheat cultivars in other areas of Japan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of photoperiod-insensitive alleles Ppd-B1a and Ppd-D1a and their effect on heading time in Japanese wheat cultivars

et al. 2011

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The genotypes of photoperiod response genes Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1 in Japanese wheat cultivars were determined by a PCR-based method, and heading times were compared among genotypes. Most of the Japanese wheat cultivars, except those from the Hokkaido region, carried the photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a, and heading was accelerated 10.3 days compared with the Ppd-D1b genotype. Early cultivars with Ppd-D1a may have been selected to avoid damage from preharvest rain. In the Hokkaido region, Ppd-D1a frequency was lower and heading date was late regardless of Ppd-D1 genotype, suggesting another genetic mechanism for late heading in Hokkaido cultivars. In this study, only 11 cultivars proved to carry Ppd-B1a, and all of them carried another photoperiod-insensitive allele, Ppd-D1a. The Ppd-B1a/Ppd-D1a genotype headed 6.7 days earlier than the Ppd-B1b/Ppd-D1a genotype, indicating a significant effect of Ppd-B1a in the genetic background with Ppd-D1a. Early-maturity breeding in Japan is believed to be accelerated by the introduction of the Ppd-B1a allele into medium-heading cultivars carrying Ppd-D1a. Pedigree analysis showed that Ppd-B1a in three extra-early commercial cultivars was inherited from ‘Shiroboro 21’ by early-heading Chugoku lines bred at the Chugoku Agriculture Experimental Station.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of photoperiod-insensitive alleles Ppd-B1a and Ppd-D1a and their effect on heading time in Japanese wheat cultivars

et al. 2011

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“…The semi-dwarfism in Norin 61 was introduced from the maternal parent Fukuokakomugi 18. Norin 61 is genetically related to a large number of Japanese cultivars, including Shiroganekomugi, that are grown from Kyushu to Honshu islands, partly because its paternal parent Shinchunaga was widely used in the breeding programs by crossing with Japanese and Western cultivars ( Fukunaga and Inagaki 1985 , Kobayashi et al 2016 , Takenaka et al 2018 ). Overall, the history and features of Norin 61 suggest that it could be established as the reference genotype for adaptation and breeding research in modern East Asian cultivars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Genome Assembly of the Japanese Wheat Cultivar Norin 61 Highlights Functional Variation in Flowering Time andFusarium-Resistant Genes in East Asian Genotypes

Shimizu

Copetti

Okada

et al. 2020

Plant and Cell Physiology

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Bread wheat is a major crop that has long been the focus of basic and breeding research. Assembly of its genome has been difficult because of its large size and allohexaploid nature (AABBDD genome). Following the first reported assembly of the genome of the experimental strain Chinese Spring (CS), the 10+ Wheat Genomes Project was launched to produce multiple assemblies of worldwide modern cultivars. The only Asian cultivar in the project is Norin 61, a representative Japanese cultivar adapted to grow across a broad latitudinal range, mostly characterized by a wet climate and a short growing season. Here, we characterize key aspects of its chromosome-scale genome assembly spanning 15 Gb with a raw scaffold N50 of 23 Mb. Analysis of the repetitive elements identified chromosomal regions unique to Norin 61 that encompass a tandem array of the pathogenesis-related-13 family. We report novel copy-number variations in the B homeolog of the florigen gene FT1/VRN3, pseudogenization of its D homeolog, and the association of its A homeologous alleles with the spring/winter growth habit. Further, the Norin 61 genome carries typical East Asian functional variants from CS ranging from a single nucleotide to multi-Mb scale. Examples of such variation are the Fhb1 locus, which confers Fusarium head-blight resistance, Ppd-D1a, which confers early flowering, Glu-D1f for Asian noodle quality, and Rht-D1b, which introduced semi-dwarfism during the green revolution. The adoption of Norin 61 as a reference assembly for functional and evolutionary studies will enable comprehensive characterization of the underexploited Asian bread wheat diversity.

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“…Many varieties within each region were bred using germplasm within the same region. Fukunaga and Inagaki (1985) reported genealogical pedigrees of Japanese wheat lines and showed that the cultivars within each region were similar to each other, but those between the regions were differentiated. China was grouped into seven regions: eastern China (Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces), north-western China (Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia Provinces), north-eastern China (Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning Provinces), Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet (Tsujimoto et al , 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of puroindoline alleles in wheat varieties from eastern Asia including the discovery of a new SNP in puroindoline b

Tanaka

Morris²,

Haruna

et al. 2008

Plant Genet. Res.

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Kernel texture (grain hardness) in common wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) is of primary technological importance and is largely determined by puroindoline gene sequence and expression. We investigated the puroindoline haplotypes of 246 Asian common wheat varieties. All but three were conclusively characterized for puroindoline a and b haplotypes. Of the total, 174 possessed the softPina-D1a/Pinb-D1a‘wild-type’ gene sequences with SKCS hardness indexes (HI) ranging from 13.5 to 61.8. Among the remaining 72 varieties with HIs of 56.1–97.8, nearly half (30) werePina-D1a/Pinb-D1b, 4 werePina-D1a/Pinb-D1c, 19 werePina-D1a/Pinb-D1p, 10 werePina-D1b/Pinb-D1a(‘a-null’), 3 werePina-D1l/Pinb-D1a, 2 possessed a new C-to-T SNP mutation at position 382, which is tentatively designatedPinb-D1ab, 1 was a ‘double null’ with neither puroindoline a nor b expressed and no PCR-detectable gene sequence, and 3 had undetermined/ambiguous puroindoline a sequence but possessedPinb-D1a. The double null was the hardest of all varieties tested with an HI of 97.8. The frequency of soft and hard varieties and puroindoline hardness haplotype varied depending on the origin of the varieties. The lowest frequency of hard varieties occurred in Korea and south-western Japan. Tibet and Pakistan also had low frequencies of hard varieties. The highest frequency of hard varieties appeared in north-east China followed by north-west China and Nepal. Within Asia, thePinb-D1pallele appears in a region extending from north-eastern China through Inner Mongolia, north-western China, Xinjiang and Tibet, with the greatest frequency in north-western China. This allele was also present in Pakistan and Afghanistan, but not found in Japan, and may have been dispersed along the ‘Silk Road’. All threePina-D1lvarieties came from China. The newly discovered SNP originated in Afghanistan and the ‘double null’ in Xinjiang.

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Genealogical Pedigrees of Japanese Wheat Cultivars

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Distribution of photoperiod-insensitive alleles Ppd-B1a and Ppd-D1a and their effect on heading time in Japanese wheat cultivars

Distribution of photoperiod-insensitive alleles Ppd-B1a and Ppd-D1a and their effect on heading time in Japanese wheat cultivars

De Novo Genome Assembly of the Japanese Wheat Cultivar Norin 61 Highlights Functional Variation in Flowering Time andFusarium-Resistant Genes in East Asian Genotypes

Prevalence of puroindoline alleles in wheat varieties from eastern Asia including the discovery of a new SNP in puroindoline b

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