Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Periodontitis

Abstract

We aimed to conduct a review of the literature for gene polymorphisms associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) susceptibility. A comprehensive search of the literature in English was performed using the keywords: periodontitis, periodontal disease, combined with the words genes, mutation, or polymorphism. Candidate gene polymorphism studies with a case-control design and reported genotype frequencies in CP patients were searched and reviewed. There is growing evidence that polymorphisms in the IL1, IL6, IL10, vitamin D receptor, and CD14 genes may be associated with CP in certain populations. However, carriage rates of the rare (R)-allele of any polymorphism varied considerably among studies and most of the studies appeared under-powered and did not correct for other risk factors. Larger cohorts, well-defined phenotypes, control for other risk factors, and analysis of multiple genes and polymorphisms within the same pathway are needed to get a more comprehensive insight into the contribution of gene polymorphisms in CP.

Genetic polymorphisms in IL-1A and IL-1B isoforms and their associations with chronic periodontitis in the Swahili people of Kenya

“…The distribution of allele 2 at IL-1A locus -889 in Swahili participants was 80.4% in cases and 92.9% in controls, OR=0.32, 95%CI=1.16 -0.61, p<0.001. This is in contrast to study where allele 2 at IL-1A locus -889 was highest in cases than controls hence associated with severe periodontitis [32]. Additionally, it was also shown by Hulkkonen et al [31] that homozgyous allele 2 IL-1A at locus -889 was associated with high IL-1α transcription and these high levels then induced IL-1β production only in the presence of allele 2 in IL-1B at locus -511 [31].…”

Gene–gene interaction among cytokine polymorphisms influence susceptibility to aggressive periodontitis

“…3,4 The role of genes and their variants in determining the host response in both 'chronic' and 'aggressive' forms of periodontitis, as well as in the progression of the disease, has been largely investigated. 2,5 As it is accepted that the immune system has an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, most genes that are suggested to be responsible for the development of periodontitis are also linked to the immune response. These include genes that affect the expression of the interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a and its receptors, IL-10, selenoprotein S, Fc-g receptor, CD14 molecule, toll-like receptors, caspase recruitment domain 15 and vitamin D receptor.…”

Inflammatory mediator polymorphisms associate with initial periodontitis in adolescents

“…It also stimulates osteoclast differentiation as well as enhances B‐ and T‐cell growth, differentiation, and bone resorption (Hughes, Turner, Belibasakis, & Martuscelli, 2006). An association between the carriage rates of the IL‐1 , Alpha (IL1A ‐889, rs1800587), and periodontitis has been demonstrated (Laine, Loos, & Crielaard, 2010). Other salivary inflammatory biomarker candidate genes for periodontitis are considered, such as myeloperoxidase ( MPO ‐463G/A) (Erciyas, Pehlivan, Sever, & Orbak, 2010) and calcium‐binding protein A8 (S100A8 ) (Sun et al, 2011), Vitamin D (1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor ( VDR ) ( Chen, Li, Zhang, & Wang, 2012 ; Laine et al, 2012 ), toll‐like receptor 2, 4 (Folwaczny, Glas, Török, Limbersky, & Folwaczny, 2004; Schröder & Schumann, 2005), and lymphotoxin alpha ( LTA ) (Vasconcelos et al, 2012).…”