Gene gun particle-mediated vaccination with plasmid DNA confers protective immunity against rabies virus infection

Update on Antiviral DNA Vaccine Research (1998–2000)

“…Due to its high efficiency, gene gun DNA vaccination against different viruses, e.g. HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, rabies, rubella, influenza, measles, rotavirus, Ebola virus and human papillomavirus, has been applied in recent studies [16,18,52,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. In murine and avian model systems, gene-gun-mediated delivery of influenza HA DNA required 250-2,500 times less DNA than direct injection [27].…”

“…In murine and avian model systems, gene-gun-mediated delivery of influenza HA DNA required 250-2,500 times less DNA than direct injection [27]. Differences in the size of the gold particles have been reported to influence the efficacy of the vaccine [59]. The use of 2.6-Ìm beads as compared to 0.95-Ìm beads induced significantly stronger antibody production against rabies virus glycoprotein.…”

“…The use of 2.6-Ìm beads as compared to 0.95-Ìm beads induced significantly stronger antibody production against rabies virus glycoprotein. This was probably due to the delivery of the larger particles into deeper layers of the skin closer to the antigen-expressing cells and APC [59]. While in intramuscular injection muscle cells are primarily transfected [66], gene gun bombardment of the skin predominantly targets keratinocytes [67].…”

Protective immunity of single and multi-antigen DNA vaccines against schistosomiasis

“…has been studied in different animal model and for different parasites, such as, Schistosoma (Mohamed et al 1998), Plasmodium (Grifantini et al 1998), Leishmania (Xu et al 1995) and Mycobacterium (Morris et al 2000); virus, as rabies (Lodmell et al 1998), herpes (Sin et al 2000), hepatitis C (Arichi et al 2000), influenza (Dégano et al 2000, Johnson et al 2000, dengue (Raviprakash et al 2000), measles (Schlereth et al 2000), cytomegalovirus (Morello et al 2000); as well as for melanoma (Xiang et al 2000), and immune diseases, such as encefalomielitis (Weissert et al 2000).…”

DNA-Based Immunization against Lyssaviruses

“…VNAb production seems to be dependent upon the dose of plasmid injected: the optimum dose for two inoculations of pSG5 containing the ERA RVG (GT1) gene is 50 Ìg [12] and for a single inoculation of pCIneo containing the PV RVG gene is 40 Ìg [19]. However, different constructs give different results, especially concerning the kinetics of VNAb production: with pSG5 or pCMV4 VNAb could not be demonstrated for 3-5 weeks [18,28], whereas a single injection of the GT5N-GT1C chimera induced significant VNAb titers against parental viruses (EBL1 and PV) 14 days (62 IU/ml) or 21 days (65 IU/ml) after plasmid injection [20]. Early antirabies IgM could be detected by ELISA 7 days after plasmid injection [19] and antibodies Perrin/Jacob/Tordo produced later belonged to the IgG isotype whereas no IgA could be detected [12].…”