Gene flow in cherry orchards

Abstract

A survey of Australian cherry orchards identified the cherry cultivars Sunburst, Summit, Merchant, Sam, Sylvia, Tieton, Kordia, Regina, Empress, Nordwunder and Ulster as having low fruit-set associated with poor pollination. Unique orchard sites across Australia where low fruit-set was not a problem for these cultivars were located, and pollen gene-flow-analysis conducted using 6-PGD, GOT, G6PD, GPI, IDH, FDP and SKDH isozyme markers. Pollenisers for the above-mentioned cultivars were determined and Stella was a polleniser for eight of them. Stella's predominance was linked to it reaching full bloom before the other cultivars; anther dehiscence occurs sometime after flowers open, as such newly opened flowers; the most-fertile stage was mainly exposed to Stella pollen. Sunburst a self-compatible cultivar showed no evidence of self-fertilisation. The majority of pollenisers were found to be within 20 m of the tree under examination. Isozyme profiles for 22 cultivars not previously analysed are also presented.

Molecular and quantitative signatures of biparental inbreeding depression in the self-incompatible tree species Prunus avium

“…Adult trees can live up to 100 years and flowering generally occurs for diameter at breast height of 4 cm. P. avium reproduces sexually and auto-fertilization is prevented by a gametophytic incompatibility system (Granger, 2004;De Cuyper et al, 2005;Schueler et al, 2006;Marchese et al, 2007;Vaughan et al, 2008). This means that two individuals carrying the same genotype at the S-locus will not be compatible.…”

“…This means that two individuals carrying the same genotype at the S-locus will not be compatible. Pollen is dispersed by bees, and seeds by gravity and birds, resulting in low dispersal distances (Granger, 2004;Schueler, 2005;Stoeckel, 2006) and consequently in significant spatial genetic structure (Vaughan et al, 2007b;. Vegetative propagation through rootsuckering commonly occurs and, as a consequence, clusters of clonal individuals can be identified within the stands (Ducci and Santi, 1997;Schueler, 2005;Schueler et al, 2006;Vaughan et al, 2007a;.…”

Ferilization biology and pomological properties of newlyintroduced sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars

“…Ako se ovome dodaju i drugi značajni aspekti reproduktivnog procesa -karakteristike cvetanja i višegodišnje stabilno preklapanje u fenofazi punog cvetanja glavne i sorti oprašivača, kvalitet polena i obezbeĎenje njegovog transfera, receptivnost žiga, vitalnost primarnih semenih zametaka, karakteristike postoplodnih procesa i sl., onda je jasno u kojoj meri navedeni faktori utiču na efikasnost procesa oploĎenja, koja se manifestuje u optimalnom zametanju i rodnosti. Ovi složeni odnosi uslovljavaju da je, čak i u slučajevima potpuno i delimično kompatibilnih kombinacija sorti približno istog vremena cvetanja, uprkos dovoljnoj zastupljenosti i optimalnom rasporedu sorti oprašivača i obezbeĎenju adekvatnog transfera polena, rodnost komercijalno značajnih sorti pojedinih godina ozbiljno ugrožena (Granger, 2004).…”

“…Prema rezultatima koje navodi Granger (2004), rodnost komercijalno značajnih sorti trešnje je pojedinih godina ugrožena zbog inverzije u cvetanju glavne i sorti oprašivača. Preklapanje u fenofazi punog cvetanja u trajanju od 5-8 dana predstavlja osnov za potencijalno oprašivanje pojedinih sorti (Cerović et al, 2005).…”

“…Prema rezultatima koje navodi Granger (2004), rodnost komercijalno značajnih sorti trešnje je u pojedinim godinama ozbiljno ugrožena zbog neadekvatne i po godinama promenljive usklaĎenosti u vremenu cvetanja, kao i inverzije u cvetanju glavne i sorti oprašivača. Promenljiva rodnost po godinama se može javiti kod potpuno i i delimično kompatibilnih kombinacija sorti približno istog vremena cvetanja, uprkos dovoljnoj zastupljenosti i optimalnom rasporedu sorti oprašivača i obezbeĎenju adekvatnog transfera polena.…”