Gene Expression Profiling of the Tetrapyrrole Metabolic Pathway in Arabidopsis with a Mini-Array System

Matsumoto, Fuminori; Obayashi, Takeshi; Sasaki-Sekimoto, Yuko; Ohta, Hiroyuki; Takamiya, Ken-ichiro; Masuda, Tatsuru

doi:10.1104/pp.104.042408

Cited by 140 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Interestingly, expression of the two other subunits of Mgcheletase, CHLD and CHLI, was unchanged, a finding consistent with other work, indicating that transcriptional regulation of this step is achieved through CHLH and GUN4 (Matsumoto et al, 2004;Stephenson and Terry, 2008).…”

Section: Key Steps Of the Chlorophyll Pathway Are Upregulated Followisupporting

confidence: 78%

“…For example, one report suggested that both PORA and PORB are active in dark-grown seedlings, but PORA is rapidly repressed upon light exposure and only PORB remains active (Armstrong et al, 1995). However, Matsumoto et al (2004) reported that both PORA and PORB levels decline rapidly after the onset of light, yet both are active and under circadian control in mature plants. PORC, meanwhile, is induced by light along with the majority of the tetrapyrrole enzymes (Matsumoto et al, 2004) and is thought to have an active role in mature leaves together with PORB (Frick et al, 2003).…”

Section: Primary Versus Secondary Effects Of Glk Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transcriptional profiles of the entire metabolic pathway in Arabidopsis revealed that these four genes are tightly coregulated: they are strongly and synchronously induced during photomorphogenesis, and they cycle in-phase with one another, and with Lhcb1, under circadian control (Matsumoto et al, 2004). Notably, while much of the fine-tuning of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis is performed by posttranslational mechanisms , these four key genes are under transcriptional regulation, and GLK genes are at least partially responsible for this process.…”

Section: Primary Versus Secondary Effects Of Glk Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Matsumoto et al (2004) reported that both PORA and PORB levels decline rapidly after the onset of light, yet both are active and under circadian control in mature plants. PORC, meanwhile, is induced by light along with the majority of the tetrapyrrole enzymes (Matsumoto et al, 2004) and is thought to have an active role in mature leaves together with PORB (Frick et al, 2003). Regardless of the precise expression patterns of POR genes, coordinated induction by GLK genes implies that all three share a common regulatory element and demonstrates that GLK transcription factors regulate much of the chlorophyll pathway in both the dark and the light.…”

Section: Primary Versus Secondary Effects Of Glk Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GLK Transcription Factors Coordinate Expression of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arabidopsis

et al. 2009

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Chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms harness light energy and convert it into chemical energy. In several land plants, GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors are required for chloroplast development, as glk1 glk2 double mutants are pale green and deficient in the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus. We show here that glk1 glk2 double mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana accumulate abnormal levels of chlorophyll precursors and that constitutive GLK gene expression leads to increased accumulation of transcripts for antenna proteins and chlorophyll biosynthetic enzymes. To establish the primary targets of GLK gene action, an inducible expression system was used in combination with transcriptome analysis. Following induction, transcript pools were substantially enriched in genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, light harvesting, and electron transport. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the direct association of GLK1 protein with target gene promoters, revealing a putative regulatory cis-element. We show that GLK proteins influence photosynthetic gene expression independently of the phyB signaling pathway and that the two GLK genes are differentially responsive to plastid retrograde signals. These results suggest that GLK genes help to coregulate and synchronize the expression of a suite of nuclear photosynthetic genes and thus act to optimize photosynthetic capacity in varying environmental and developmental conditions.

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Section: Key Steps Of the Chlorophyll Pathway Are Upregulated Followisupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Primary Versus Secondary Effects Of Glk Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Primary Versus Secondary Effects Of Glk Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Primary Versus Secondary Effects Of Glk Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

GLK Transcription Factors Coordinate Expression of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arabidopsis

et al. 2009

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“…Using this approach, we identified additional differentially expressed genes (data not shown). Because of PIF1's role in chlorophyll biosynthesis, we focused our analyses on genes involved in the tetrapyrrole pathway [supporting information (SI) Table S1] (24). Interestingly, a few key genes encoding enzymes involved in tetrapyrrole pathway showed expression changes of at least 1.5-fold between the dark grown WT and pif1 samples ( Fig.…”

Section: Pif1 Regulates Expression Of Tetrapyrrole Pathway Genes In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

PIF1 directly and indirectly regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis to optimize the greening process in Arabidopsis

Moon

Zhu²,

Shen³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

211

237

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Plants depend on light signals to modulate many aspects of their development and optimize their photosynthetic capacity. Phytochromes (phys), a family of photoreceptors, initiate a signal transduction pathway that alters expression of a large number of genes to induce these responses. Recently, phyA and phyB were shown to bind members of a basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors called phy-interacting factors (PIFs). PIF1 negatively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis and seed germination in the dark, and lightinduced degradation of PIF1 relieves this negative regulation to promote photomorphogenesis. Here, we report that PIF1 regulates expression of a discrete set of genes in the dark, including protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR), ferrochelatase (FeChII), and heme oxygenase (HO3), which are involved in controlling the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. Using ChIP and DNA gel-shift assays, we demonstrate that PIF1 directly binds to a G-box (CACGTG) DNA sequence element present in the PORC promoter. Moreover, in transient assays, PIF1 activates transcription of PORC in a G-boxdependent manner. These data strongly suggest that PIF1 directly and indirectly regulates key genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis to optimize the greening process in Arabidopsis.basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors ͉ photomorphogenesis ͉ phytochrome signaling ͉ transcriptional regulation ͉ G-box

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Chlorophyll Metabolism

Brzezowski¹,

Grimm²

2013

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The two pathways of chlorophyll biosynthesis and chlorophyll catabolism in plants are located in distinct cellular compartments. Although the entire biosynthesis of chlorophyll from the formation of the first committed metabolic precursor, 5‐aminolevulinic acid, occurs in plastids, chlorophyll breakdown starts in plastids and ends with the storage of nonfluorescent breakdown products in vacuoles. Photosynthetic organisms developed a complex control over chlorophyll metabolism to adapt the need for chlorophyll to continuously changing environmental conditions and to avoid damage caused by intermediates accumulation. The balance between the most efficient way of harvesting the light energy available to the organism and damage or death caused by excess light energy or accumulating chlorophyll intermediates due to deregulation of the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway, seems to employ one of the most sophisticated regulatory mechanisms seen in nature. Chlorophyll metabolism in the broad range of photosynthetic organisms including photosynthetic bacteria, algae and higher plants is outlined in the following report. Key Concepts: Chlorophyll (Chl) a is the key pigment involved in the primary reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. Photosynthesis requires chlorophyll for light absorption, excitation energy transfer and photooxidative charge separation to ultimately provide primary biomass and energy for almost all living beings and, additionally, supply oxygen for respiration. Chlorophyll is always bound to chlorophyll‐binding proteins of the photosynthetic core complexes of photosystem I and II and their antenna complexes. Chlorophyll biosynthesis always ensures the appropriate supply of the pigment, and chlorophyll catabolism prevents the accumulation of free chlorophyll during breakdown of photosynthetic complexes. Control of chlorophyll metabolism avoids accumulation of photoreactive metabolic and catabolic intermediates and free chlorophyll.

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Gene Expression Profiling of the Tetrapyrrole Metabolic Pathway in Arabidopsis with a Mini-Array System

Cited by 140 publications

References 64 publications

GLK Transcription Factors Coordinate Expression of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arabidopsis

GLK Transcription Factors Coordinate Expression of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arabidopsis

PIF1 directly and indirectly regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis to optimize the greening process in Arabidopsis

Chlorophyll Metabolism

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