Gene expression profiling after ochratoxin A treatment in small intestinal epithelial cells from pigs

Abstract

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a well-known mycotoxin that causes disease through the ingestion of contaminated food or feed, for example, in the porcine industry. The intestinal epithelium acts as the first barrier against food contamination. We conducted a study on the exposure of the porcine intestinal epithelium to OTA. We used the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 as an in vitro model to evaluate the altered molecular mechanisms following OTA exposure. Gene expression profiling revealed that OTA upregulated 782 genes and downregulated 896, totalling 1678 differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting confirmed that OTA damages the tight junction protein ZO-1 . Moreover, OTA activated the expression of inflammatory genes ( IL-6 , IL-8 , IL-10 , NF-kB , TLR4 , and TNF-α ). In summary, this study confirmed that OTA alters various molecular mechanisms and has several adverse effects on IPEC-J2 cells.

Effects of functional nutrients on chicken intestinal epithelial cells induced with oxidative stress

“…Disruption of tight junctions enables free passage of macromolecules, endotoxins, or pathogens. It is also related to decreased absorption of nutrition and increased inflammation in the intestine [ 42 , 51 ]. The intestinal cells under stress conditions show decreased TEER, which is commonly used to measure intestinal permeability with increasing TEER values indicating decreased intestinal permeability [ 52 ].…”

“…Disruption of tight junctions enables free passage of macromolecules, endotoxins, or pathogens. It is also related to decreased absorption of nutrition and increased inflammation in the intestine [42,51].…”

Lauric acid reduces apoptosis by inhibiting FOXO3a-signaling in Deoxynivalenol-treated IPEC-J2 cells

“…DON is a mycotoxin that causes various symptoms such as anorexia, vomiting, and stunted growth, leading to poor health and economic loss [22]. The intestine is the first biological barrier to mycotoxins because it is the first target of exposure after consuming contaminated food [23,24]. Intestinal exposure to DON causes symptoms such as destruction of intestinal epithelial cells, impairment of integrity of intestinal barrier, destruction of tight junction protein structures, increased intestinal epithelial permeability, reduced nutrient absorption and transport efficiency, inflammation, and induction of apoptosis [25].…”

TLR/MyD88-Mediated Inflammation Induced in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Ochratoxin A Affects Intestinal Barrier Function

“…Ochratoxin A (OTA; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and MyD88 inhibitor (TJ-M2010-5, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) were diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and each solution was diluted in media before treated cells. The OTA treatment protocol was the same as in our previous study, with 4 μM OTA for 48 h [ 27 ].…”