Gene–environment interplay and MicroRNAs in cleft lip and cleft palate

Abstract

Cleft lip (CL) with/without cleft palate (CP) (hereafter CL/P) is the second most common congenital birth defect, affecting 7.94 to 9.92 children per 10 000 live births worldwide, followed by Down syndrome. An increasing number of genes have been identified as affecting susceptibility and/or as causative genes for CL/P in mouse How to cite this article: IwataJ. Gene-environment interplay and MicroRNAs in cleft lip and cleft palate.

Editorial: Animal models and transgenic technology in Craniofacial biology

“…Craniofacial deformities are one of the most common congenital birth defects ( Iwata, 2021 ; Iwaya et al, 2023 ). Several important milestones in developing concepts, technologies, and methodologies in craniofacial biology have been achieved using animal models and transgenic technology.…”

“…Alcohol consumption by pregnant mothers is known to increase the risk of various birth defects, including craniofacial anomalies ( Iwata, 2021 ). Ghosal et al showed that embryonic ethanol exposure causes a variety of craniofacial anomalies in zebrafish larvae.…”

“…Importantly, the authors found that craniofacial soft tissue development, including craniofacial neuromuscular integration, was particularly susceptible to ethanol-induced damages. Recent studies indicated that some environmental factors lead to epigenetic changes in craniofacial development, as reviewed in ( Iwata, 2021 ). Mohd-Yunus et al summarized the current knowledge on microRNAs, which are short single-stranded noncoding RNAs, in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), a serious jaw bone injury related to certain medications used to treat osteoporosis or cancer.…”