Gene discovery and expression profiling in porcine Peyer's patch

Dvorak, Cheryl M.T.; Hyland, Kendra A.; Machado, Juliana Gouvêa; Zhang, Y.; Fahrenkrug, Scott C.; Murtaugh, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.02.006

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Gene profiling of glucose-responsive genes has also been performed in the murine ␤ cell-derived cell line Min6 (47) as well as in human (48) and porcine islets (49). The set of genes induced by glucose in these cells is largely distinct from that observed in hepatocytes.…”

Section: Identification Of Potential Chrebp⅐mlx Targets Involved In Omentioning

confidence: 99%

ChREBP•Mlx Is the Principal Mediator of Glucose-induced Gene Expression in the Liver

Ma¹,

Robinson²,

Towle³

2006

Journal of Biological Chemistry

324

355

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In mammals, glucose-regulated gene expression has been best characterized in the liver, where increased glucose metabolism induces transcription of genes encoding enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis. ChREBP and Mlx dimerize and function together as a glucose-responsive transcription factor to regulate target genes, such as liver-type pyruvate kinase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, and fatty acid synthase. To identify additional glucose-responsive genes in the liver, we used microarray analysis to compare gene expression patterns in low and high glucose conditions in hepatocytes. Target genes of ChREBP⅐Mlx were simultaneously identified by gene profiling in the presence or absence of a dominant negative Mlx. Of 224 genes that are induced by glucose, 139 genes (62%) were also inhibited by the dominant negative Mlx. Lipogenic enzyme genes involved in the entire pathway of de novo lipogenesis were found to be glucose-responsive target genes of ChREBP⅐Mlx. Genes encoding enzymes in other metabolic pathways and numerous regulators of metabolism were also identified. To determine if any of these genes are direct targets of ChREBP⅐Mlx, we searched for ChoRE-like sequences in the 5-flanking regions of several genes that responded rapidly to glucose. ChoRE sequences that bound to ChREBP⅐Mlx and supported a glucose response were identified in two additional genes. Combining all of the known ChoRE sequences, we generated a modified ChoRE consensus sequence, CAYGNGN 5 CNCRTG. In summary, ChREBP⅐Mlx is the principal transcription factor regulating glucose-responsive genes in the liver and coordinately regulates a family of genes required for glucose utilization and energy storage.

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Section: Identification Of Potential Chrebp⅐mlx Targets Involved In Omentioning

confidence: 99%

ChREBP•Mlx Is the Principal Mediator of Glucose-induced Gene Expression in the Liver

Ma¹,

Robinson²,

Towle³

2006

Journal of Biological Chemistry

324

355

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The amino acid sequences used in the alignment include human (NP_003398) [77], mouse (NP_035886) [27], rat (P47973) [78], bovine (P53781) [79], sheep (AY462109) [67], pig (AJ943797, CB288050, CB286240, DY416794 and DY419026) [80], horse (CD536573 and CD536523), chimpanzee (CR555169 andXM_001136016) and dog (AAEX01054372.1 and AAEX01054371.1) [81]. The sequences were aligned with the PILEUP program from GCG.…”

Section: Key Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylation site analysis of the anti-inflammatory and mRNA-destabilizing protein tristetraprolin

Cao¹,

Deterding²,

Blackshear³

2007

Expert Review of Proteomics

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Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a member of the CCCH zinc finger proteins and is an anti-inflammatory protein. Mice deficient in TTP develop a profound inflammatory syndrome with erosive arthritis, autoimmunity and myeloid hyperplasia. TTP binds to mRNA AU-rich elements with high affinity for UUAUUUAUU nucleotides and causes destabilization of those mRNA molecules. TTP is phosphorylated extensively in vivo and is a substrate for multiple protein kinases in vitro. A number of approaches have been used to identify its phosphorylation sites. This article highlights the recent progress and different approaches utilized for the identification of phosphorylation sites in mammalian TTP. Important but limited results are obtained using traditional methods including in vivo labeling, site-directed mutagenesis, phosphopeptide mapping and protein sequencing. Mass spectrometry including MALDI/MS, MALDI/MS/MS, LC/MS/MS, IMAC/MALDI/MS/MS and multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) has led the way in identifying TTP phosphorylation sites. The combination of these approaches has identified multiple phosphorylation sites in mammalian TTP, some of which are predicted by motif scanning to be phosphorylated by several protein kinases. This information should provide the molecular basis for future investigation of TTP's regulatory functions in controlling pro-inflammatory cytokines.

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“…For several cytokines, specific antibodies are also available, or cross-reacting antibodies have been identified allowing the determination of the protein [61]. In addition several DNA arrays have been created to specifically study the pig immune system [12,31,49]. The rapidly expanding status of cytokine reagents available in swine reflects the current interest in porcine immunology and disease pathogenesis, the potential of pigs as organ donors for xenotransplantation in humans, and the use of swine in biomedical research.…”

Section: Role Of Iec In the Secretion Of Chemokines And Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of intestinal epithelial cells in the innate immune defence of the pig intestine

Oswald

2006

Vet. Res.

139

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-The intestinal epithelium serves as a dynamic barrier, which in the course of its normal function, maintains regulated uptake of nutrients and water while excluding potential pathogens. Over the past decade many studies have also revealed the immunological importance of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). IEC have developed a variety of mechanisms to reduce the risk of infection by invasive pathogens or damage by toxic compounds. The effective maintenance of a physical barrier function is dependent on the establishment of well-organised intercellular junctions and a constant state of regeneration/renewal of the epithelium. IEC also participate in the innate immune responsiveness of the intestine by their ability to secrete mucus and antimicrobial peptides. IEC are also able to secrete cytokines and to respond to exogenous chemokines. This review summarises the current knowledge of the innate immune mechanisms developed by porcine IEC.

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Gene discovery and expression profiling in porcine Peyer's patch

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

ChREBP•Mlx Is the Principal Mediator of Glucose-induced Gene Expression in the Liver

ChREBP•Mlx Is the Principal Mediator of Glucose-induced Gene Expression in the Liver

Phosphorylation site analysis of the anti-inflammatory and mRNA-destabilizing protein tristetraprolin

Role of intestinal epithelial cells in the innate immune defence of the pig intestine

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