Role of intestinal epithelial cells in the innate immune defence of the pig intestine

Oswald, Isabelle P.

doi:10.1051/vetres:2006006

Cited by 139 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Similarly to many immune cells involved in innate immunity, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, intestinal cells express on their surface the toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize structural components, widely conserved among different microorganism classes (Akira et al, 2006). Epithelial TLR expression is thought to play a key role in the host defense against pathogens by triggering innate immune responses, through activation of NF-kB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, that ultimately lead to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Stadnyk, 2002;Oswald, 2006). (Kaeffer et al 1993); d) porcine intestinal epitheliocyte (PIE) cells (Moue et al 2008).…”

Section: Pig Intestinal Cell Lines For In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulating effects of probiotics for microbiota modulation, gut health and disease resistance in pigs

Roselli

Pieper

Rogel–Gaillard

et al. 2017

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms HIGHLIGHTS-Updated literature overview about probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on pig gut health is provided -Both in vivo studies performed in pigs and in vitro studies conducted in pig intestinal cell lines are described -A critical outcome of the described results is provided -The concept of "proxy measurements" for pig gut health is widely discussed -The link between gut microbiota and mucsal immune system is described Abstract:Probiotics are live microorganisms that can confer a health benefit on the host, and amongst various mechanisms probiotics are believed to exert their effects by production of antimicrobial substances, competition with pathogens for adhesion sites and nutrients, enhancement of mucosal barrier integrity and immune modulation. Through these activities probiotics can support three core benefits for the host: supporting a healthy gut microbiota, a healthy digestive tract and a healthy immune system. More recently, the concept of combining probiotics and prebiotics, i.e. synbiotics, for the beneficial effect on gut health of pigs has attracted major interest, and examples of probiotic and prebiotic benefits for pigs are pathogen inhibition and immunomodulation. Yet, it remains to be defined in pigs, what exactly is a healthy gut. Because of the high level of variability in growth and feed conversion between individual pigs in commercial production systems, measuring the impact of probiotics on gut health defined by improvements in overall productivity requires large experiments. For this reason, many studies have concentrated on measuring the effects of the feed additives on proxies of gut health including many immunological measures, in more controlled experiments. With the major focus of studying the balance between gut microbiology, immunology and physiology, and the potential for prevention of intestinal disorders in pigs, we therefore performed a literature review of the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics, either alone or in combination with prebiotics, based on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo porcine experiments. A 3 consistent number of studies showed the potential capacity in terms of immunomodulatory activities of these feed additives in pigs, but contrasting results can also be obtained from the literature.Reasons for this are not clear but could be related to differences with respect to the probiotic strain used, experimental settings, diets, initial microbiota colonization, administration route, time and frequency of administration of the probiotic strain and sampling for analysis. Hence, the use of proxy measurements of enteric health based on observable immunological parameters presents significant problems at the moment, and cannot be considered robust, reliable predictors of the probiotic activity in vivo, in relation to pig gut health. In c...

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Section: Pig Intestinal Cell Lines For In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulating effects of probiotics for microbiota modulation, gut health and disease resistance in pigs

Roselli

Pieper

Rogel–Gaillard

et al. 2017

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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“…In vitro, IL-6 and TNF-a production by lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood of weaned piglets supplemented with b-glucan and stimulated with LPS was decreased, whereas IL-10 production was enhanced . Those cytokine patterns were confirmed in vivo in piglets fed diets supplemented with glucans, and challenged intraperitoneally with LPS 2006). Taken together, these in vitro and in vivo analyses show that dietary b-glucans prevent the elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines whilst enhancing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to an inflammatory challenge.…”

Section: Natural Alternatives To In-feed Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The uptake of antigens occur via either fluid-phase or receptor-mediated transport, followed by intracellular processing or simply exocytosis. Enterocytes are non-phagocytic cells that, in health, prevent the passage of macromolecules through the epithelium (Shah and Walker, 2002;Oswald, 2006). Additionally, access to the enterocyte surface is restricted by local secretions like IgA and mucins, closely packed villi, and a thick glycocalyx.…”

Section: Piglet Immunity: Implications For the Oral Application Of Immentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pig production: can immunomodulators play a role?

Gallois¹,

Rothkötter

Bailey

et al. 2009

Animal

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As a result of the European ban of in-feed growth-promoting antibiotics, new strategies are being developed to increase the resistance to disease in farm animals. In pig production, this is of particular importance during the weaning transition when piglets are subjected to major stressful events, making them highly sensitive to digestive disorders. At this time, the development of both innate and adaptive immunity at the mucosal surface is critical in preventing the potential harmful effects of intestinal pathogenic agents. Strategies aiming at stimulating natural host defences through the use of substances able to modulate immune functions have gained increasing interest in animal research, and different bioactive components a priori sharing those properties have been the subject of in vivo nutritional investigations in pig. Among these, yeast derivates (b-glucans and mannans) are able to interact with immune cells, particularly phagocytic cells. However, studies where they have been fed to pigs have shown inconsistent results, suggesting that their ability to target the sensitive immune cells through the oral route is questionable. The plant extracts, which would benefit from a positive image in the public opinion, have also been tested. However, due to a lack of data on the bioactive components of particular plants and the large diversity of species, it has proved difficult to prepare extracts of equivalent potency and thus, the literature on their influence on pig immunity remains inconclusive. In considering piglet immunity and health benefits, the most promising results to date have been obtained with spray-dried animal plasma, whose positive effects would be provided by specific antibodies and nonspecific competition of some plasma components with bacteria for intestinal receptors. The major positive effect of spray-dried animal plasma is in reducing the infiltration of gut-associated lymphoid tissue by immune cells, which is likely to be the result of a decreased colonisation by potentially harmful bacteria. This review also highlights the limitations of some of the published in vivo studies on the immunomodulatory activity of certain feed additives. Among those, the lack of standardisation of extracts and the heterogeneity of piglet-rearing conditions (e.g. exposure to pathogens) are likely the most limiting.

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“…ocludinas, cingulinas, zónula ocludens y otras proteínas; sin embargo, el conocimiento de los factores reguladores de las uniones estrechas es incompleto y se requieren mayores estudios (Podolski, 1999;Oswald, 2006).…”

Section: Factores Fisicoquímicosunclassified

“…Debido a su localización anatómica, la célula epitelial intestinal juega un papel importante en la inmunomodulación del intestino, ya que constituye la puerta de entrada para los antígenos luminales bacterianos (Oswald, 2006). Existen varios tipos celulares en la mucosa intestinal, como las denominadas células M (membranosas), que tienen como función facilitar el pasaje y realizar el transporte controlado de antígenos a las células del sistema inmune, con el objetivo de inducir su activación, proliferación, diferenciación y la memoria inmunológica (Maris, 2004 (Montalvo, 1996).…”

Section: Factores Celularesunclassified

CINÉTICA DE EXPRESIÓN DE INMUNOGLOBULINA A EN EL EPITELIO INTESTINAL DE CRÍAS DE ALPACA (Vicugna pacos).

Dionisio

Manchego

Chiok

et al. 2014

Rev. investig. vet. Perú

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A mis padres Janet y Adolfo, a mis hermanas Jenny y Angie, a mi pareja Liseth, gracias por todo su apoyo y paciencia dada durante esta etapa de mi carrera.A mis amigos Carla Bardález, Helen Salazar, Luis Ramos, Henry Vega, Carlos Torres, Noe Oviedo etc. Por que en algún momento me cruce con ustedes y me brindaron buenos consejos, ánimos y ayuda cuando creía que la sustentación estaba lejos, gracias por su apoyo. La crianza tiene importancia económica no sólo por la producción de fibra, sino porque también constituye una fuente de trabajo para el poblador altoandino (Bustinza, 2001). Los problemas de salud animal constituyen uno de los principales factores de pérdidas económicas que afectan a las comunidades alpaqueras y que limitan el incremento de la producción y productividad porque reducen la calidad y cantidad de fibra y carne; y elevan los costos de producción. Uno de los factores de mayor impacto económico es la morbilidad y mortalidad de crías de alpaca ocasionado principalmente por enterotoxenia, neumonías y colibacilosis (Ramírez, 2009).En general, frente a la invasión de un agente infeccioso por vía digestiva se activa una respuesta inmunitaria a nivel de las mucosas donde la inmunoglobulina A (Ig A) en la mucosa intestinal constituye el principal anticuerpo que limitará la invasión de muchos agentes patógenos (Braathen et al., 2007). La IgA es el isotipo de anticuerpo más predominante en secreciones intestinales (Bernard, 2005). Su producción local constituye entre 70% -90% de todas las inmunoglobulinas presentes en las secreciones intestinales (Austin et al., 2003), y donde son inducidos, transportados y regulados por mecanismos distintos a los de una respuesta sistémica (Zaldivar, 2002). Debido a su presencia cerca de las membranas externas, la IgA en la mucosa intestinal constituye una primera línea de defensa frente a microorganismos del ambiente exterior. Se ha postulado que la IgA inhibe la adhesión de microorganismos a la 10 superficie de las células mucosas, previniendo así, su entrada a los tejidos. Una propiedad de laIgA secretoria es su multivalencia, que se asocia a una gran avidez por la unión a los antígenos; esto puede resultar relevante en la neutralización de virus (Corthésy y Spertini, 1999;Zaldivar, 2002;Bernard, 2005). En los camélidos sudamericanos, existen escasos estudios que miden la expresión de la IgA en mucosas, tal vez debido a que no existe un método cuantitativo de IgA; debido a esto, el objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la expresión del ARNm de IgA en la mucosa intestinal de crías de alpacas y evaluar su expresión relativa durante los primeros 45 días de edad. Estos hallazgos nos permitirán brindar un aporte al conocimiento de respuesta inmune en esta especie, y posteriormente, dilucidar en que momento de la vida del neonato, éste empieza a producir IgA propio para defenderse de agentes patógenos. 11 II. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA La mucosa intestinalEl intestino delgado tiene como principal función la absorción de nutrientes. Está ubicado entre el estómago y el intestino ...

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Role of intestinal epithelial cells in the innate immune defence of the pig intestine

Cited by 139 publications

References 76 publications

Immunomodulating effects of probiotics for microbiota modulation, gut health and disease resistance in pigs

Immunomodulating effects of probiotics for microbiota modulation, gut health and disease resistance in pigs

Natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pig production: can immunomodulators play a role?

CINÉTICA DE EXPRESIÓN DE INMUNOGLOBULINA A EN EL EPITELIO INTESTINAL DE CRÍAS DE ALPACA (Vicugna pacos).

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