Gene and protein expression of progesterone receptor isoforms A and B, p53 and p21 in myometrium and uterine leiomyoma

Abstract

PRA:PRB ratio is similar in normal myometrium and leiomyomas. p53 and p21 mRNA and protein levels are increased in leiomyomas.

The effects of p21 gene C98A polymorphism on development of uterine leiomyoma in southeast Iranian women

“…Altered p21 expression have been reported in a wide variety of tumors and cancers, including ovarian [27], uterine [28], breast [15] and cervical cancers [27], indicating the oncogenic [29]. In 1997, Palazzo et al indicated that p21 expression decreases in endometrial hyperplasias and carcinomas, confirming the important role of p21 in the process of neoplastic transformation [30].…”

Contemporary management of uterine fibroids: focus on emerging medical treatments

“…Interestingly, progesterone appears to selectively increase the proliferative activity of UF cells but not of normal myometrial cells 27 . The molecular basis of this effect is a matter of speculation 28,29 . UFs may be solitary but are often multiple, and can range in size from microscopic to massive, sometimes expanding the uterus to fill the abdominal cavity 30 .…”

Fibroid growth and medical options for treatment

“…The nuclear PR exists as two main isoforms (PRA and PRB) arising from the same gene (76). Interestingly, the ratio of the two isoforms appears to be balanced in fibroids as well as in the adjacent myometrium (77). This is in contrast with data from other proliferating benign or malignant diseases, such as endometriosis or breast cancer, where an unbalanced PRA/ PRB ratio is involved in tumor growth (78,79).…”